SynthesisBiometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine2022
Contamination of breast milk with lead, mercury, arsenic, and cadmium in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Potentially Toxic Metal Levels in Breast Milk and Their Determinants Among Lactating Mothers of the DSAN-12 M Birth Cohort in the Reconcavo Baiano, Brazil.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Human Milk as a Biomonitor of Toxic Metal Exposure: Sources, Transfer Mechanisms, and Implications for Infant Health-A Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
- 'Ayurveda', hyperemesis and anaemia in pregnancy.Obstetric medicine · 2025Article
- Human health risk assessment of toxic metals in Nass smokeless tobacco in Iran.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Evaluating Heavy Metals in Human Breast Milk: a Cross-Sectional Study from Mining and Agricultural Areas in Northwestern Iran.Biological trace element research · 2025Article
- Individualized support for breastfeeding in a case of elevated blood lead levels: A case report.Toxicology reports · 2024Article
- High arsenic contamination in the breast milk of mothers inhabiting the Gangetic plains of Bihar: a major health risk to infants.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2024Article
- Involvement of Nrf2 Signaling in Lead-induced Toxicity.Current medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Breastmilk cadmium levels and estimated infant exposure: a multicenter study of associated factors in a resource-limited country.International breastfeeding journal · 2023Article
- Article
- Prevalence of hypertension in Iran: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of community-based studies.Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Breast milk is a complete food for the development of the newborn, but it can also be an important route for environmental pollutants transmission to the infants. This study was aimed to evaluate the status of heavy metals including lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) in the breast milk of Iranian mothers. The international databases including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and the Persian electronic databases including Scientific Information Database, IranMedex and Magiran were examined to find relevant articles published until July 2021. A total of 23 studies examined the levels of toxic metals in Iranian breast milk samples. According to the findings, the pooled average concentrations (µg/L) of Pb, Cd, Hg and As were 25.61, 2.40, 1.29 and 1.16, respectively. The concentration of Hg and Pb in colostrum milk was more than twice of mature milk. The Hg mean concentration in the breast milk of mothers with at least one amalgam-filled tooth was approximately three times that of mothers without amalgam-filled teeth. Risk assessment analysis indicated that the intake of Pb and Hg by infants through breastfeeding can be considered a health concern in Iran. It seems necessary to reduce the Pb exposure of pregnant and lactating women in Iran. However, more extensive studies are needed to clarify the toxic metals' exposure status of infants through breast milk in other parts of the country.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.