Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35574817›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of geriatric psychiatry2022

Care burden, loneliness, and social isolation in caregivers of people with physical and brain health conditions in English-speaking regions: Before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Emilia Grycuk, Yaohua Chen, Arianna Almirall-Sanchez, Dawn Higgins, Miriam Galvin, Joseph Kane, Irina Kinchin, Brian Lawlor, Carol Rogan, Gregor Russell and 2 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.8field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Between Ideal and Actual Care: Patients' and Family Carers' Experiences of Cancer Care Relationships.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2026
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  12. Friendship and momentary loneliness in dementia caregiving: daily experiences of caregivers with high and low burden.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.

Emilia GrycukDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID 0000-0002-0162-7548
Yaohua ChenGlobal Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID 0000-0003-1778-1790
Arianna Almirall-SanchezGlobal Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID 0000-0003-1191-2614
Dawn HigginsGlobal Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID 0000-0001-9259-3293
Miriam GalvinGlobal Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID 0000-0002-8232-8020
Joseph KaneCentre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-8479-9977
Irina KinchinGlobal Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID 0000-0003-0133-2763
Brian LawlorGlobal Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID 0000-0002-5012-2116
Carol RoganDementia Research Network Ireland, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID 0000-0003-1510-5334
Gregor RussellYorkshire and Humber NIHR Clinical Research Network, Northern Ireland, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-9449-2824
Roger O'SullivanInstitute of Public Health, Belfast, Ireland.ORCID 0000-0001-6433-8404
Iracema LeroiDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID 0000-0003-1822-3643
Trinity College Dublin · IEInserm · FRNational University of Ireland, Maynooth · IENIHR Research Delivery Network · GBQueen's University Belfast · GBUniversity of Technology Sydney · AUUniversity of Ulster · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPublic health restrictions due to the COVID-19 (SARS CoV-2) pandemic have disproportionately affected informal caregivers of people living with long term health conditions. We aimed to explore levels of care burden, loneliness, and social isolation among caregivers of people with enduring physical and brain health conditions in English-speaking regions worldwide, by investigating outcomes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

methodsA cross-sectional anonymous online survey data from 2287 English-speaking caregivers of people with long term health conditions from four English-speaking regions (UK, Ireland, USA, New Zealand) included measures of care burden, loneliness, and social isolation, reported before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Analyses were descriptive, followed by an ordinal regression model for predictors of burden.

resultsCompared to pre-pandemic levels, all caregivers experienced a significant increase in burden, loneliness, and isolation. Caregivers of people with both brain health and physical conditions were the most burdened and had the highest levels of loneliness and isolation compared to caregivers of people with either a brain health or physical condition only. The increase in care burden among caregivers of people with brain health challenges was associated with caregiver's gender, moderate and severe emotional loneliness, magnitude and frequency of isolation during the pandemic, and care circumstances (cohabitation with the care recipient, restrictions on the ability to provide care).

conclusionsHealth and social care interventions should target caregivers' care circumstances and psychological outcomes, particularly in women, accounting for the significant additional burden of care, loneliness, and isolation resulting from pandemic-related restrictions.

Indexed as

COVID-19BrainCaregiver BurdenCaregiversCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansLonelinessPandemicsSocial Isolationbrain healthbrain health conditionsCaregiver burdencaregiversCOVID-19dementialonelinessmental healthmental illnesssocial isolation

Identifiers

PMID35574817
PMCPMC9324775
OpenAlexW4225286317

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.