ReviewFrontiers in immunology2022
Laboratory Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis in COVID-19.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 122 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
122 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Early peripheral blood MCEMP1 and HLA-DRA expression predicts COVID-19 prognosis.EBioMedicine · 2023Pooled it
- Prescribing Appropriateness and Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Adults with COVID-19 in Jazan, Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Neuropsychiatric Involvement in Hospitalized COVID-19 Is Embedded in Multi-Organ Disease: A Retrospective Five-Axis Record-Derived Phenotype Atlas with Renal-Urinary Prognostic Dominance.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Association of Plasma Biomarkers of Immunothrombosis With Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- In-depth serum proteomics atlas of COVID-19 defines a Severity-Resistance Index from a four-protein panel for disease severity and prognosis.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Inflammatory Biomarkers as Mediators of the Effect Between High-Dose Corticosteroid Therapy and Mortality in COVID-19-Related ARDS: A Causal Mediation Analysis.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Article
- D-Dimer: A Mediator of the Association Between Lymphocyte and Dissemination of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.The clinical respiratory journal · 2026Article
- Serum CD73 activity as a biomarker of hypoxemia in COVID-19 patients.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- SCUBE-1 as a Biomarker Predictor for the Home Follow-Up and Hospitalization of SARS-CoV-2 Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Immune-endothelial-coagulation crosstalk as a driver of multi-organ dysfunction in severe viral pneumonia.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Observational
- The predictive value of the National Early Warning Score for mortality and independent prognostic factors in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A retrospective cohort study.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Comparative Study in ICU Patients.Viruses · 2025Article
- Comparison of biomarkers and laboratory results in unaffected, moderate, and severe COVID-19 recovered patients.Future science OA · 2025Article
- CT-based phenotyping of COVID-19: cluster analysis of pulmonary and extrapulmonary imaging markers from a multicentre retrospective cohort study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Increasing inflammatory biomarkers are associated with mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients despite anti-inflammatory treatment.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Observational
- New scoring system combining WHO ordinal scale and MASCC score in predicting mortality of COVID-19 patients with malignancy and neutropenia: a retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Effect of Preinfection Health Status on COVID-19 Severity and Cognitive Function.Brain and behavior · 2025Observational
- Risk factors for severe COVID-19 and development of a predictive model.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Assessment of Mortality Risk in Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Role of Novel Inflammatory Biomarkers.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2025Article
62 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, with progression to multiorgan failure in the most severe cases. Several biomarkers can be altered in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and they can be associated with diagnosis, prognosis, and outcomes. The most used biomarkers in COVID-19 include several proinflammatory cytokines, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase (AST), neutrophil count, neutrophils-to-lymphocytes ratio, troponins, creatine kinase (MB), myoglobin, D-dimer, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and its N-terminal pro-hormone (NT-proBNP). Some of these biomarkers can be readily used to predict disease severity, hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and mortality, while others, such as metabolomic and proteomic analysis, have not yet translated to clinical practice. This narrative review aims to identify laboratory biomarkers that have shown significant diagnostic and prognostic value for risk stratification in COVID-19 and discuss the possible clinical application of novel analytic strategies, like metabolomics and proteomics. Future research should focus on identifying a limited but essential number of laboratory biomarkers to easily predict prognosis and outcome in severe COVID-19.
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