ReviewFrontiers in nutrition2022
A2 Milk and BCM-7 Peptide as Emerging Parameters of Milk Quality.
Review in Frontiers in nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bone health: biology and nutrition.Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- Trial
- β-Casein Polymorphism in Serbian Holstein-Friesian and Busha Cattle and Its Association with Milk Production Traits.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- A Flexible Proteomic Approach to A2 Bovine Milk Authentication Through Tryptic, Thermolytic, and Peptic Proteotypic Peptides Elucidated by Routine LC-MS Analysis.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2026Article
- β-Casein Polymorphism as a Potential Evolutionary Trade-Off: The Rise of A1 Under Intensive Selection and Its Implications for Gastrointestinal Tolerance and Agroecological Resilience.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Frequency of A1 and A2 alleles of the β-casein gene in cattle in the Cajamarca region of Peru.Open veterinary journal · 2025Article
- Cow milk protein allergy mimics in infancy.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2025Review
- Dietary Supplement with Milk that Contains Different β-Caseins Influences Gut Microbiota and Serum Metabolites in Mice.Food science of animal resources · 2025Article
- Influence of the Casein Genotype on Goat Milk Bioactivity: An In Silico Analysis of the Casein Peptidome.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A2 Milk: The Impact of Genetic Variation in Milk Protein on Human Health.Current protein & peptide science · 2025Review
- Human milkFrontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Nutrition and Osteoporosis Prevention.Current osteoporosis reports · 2024Review
- Emerging Parameters Justifying a Revised Quality Concept for Cow Milk.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- BCM-7: Opioid-like Peptide with Potential Role in Disease Mechanisms.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Health-Related Outcomes and Molecular Methods for the Characterization of A1 and A2 Cow's Milk: Review and Update.Veterinary sciences · 2024Review
- The Immunomodulatory Effects of A2 β-Casein on Immunosuppressed Mice by Regulating Immune Responses and the Gut Microbiota.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Caseins: Versatility of Their Micellar Organization in Relation to the Functional and Nutritional Properties of Milk.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Worldwide research on the health effects of bovine milk containing A1 and A2 β-casein: Unraveling the current scenario and future trends through bibliometrics and text mining.Current research in food science · 2023Review
- Modification of a previously patented method to unequivocally score A2-like and A1-like bovine β-casein variants.MethodsX · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Beta-casein makes up about 30% of the total protein contained in milk and can be present in cows' milk in two distinct forms (A1 or A2) or as a combination of the two. The only difference between these two variants of β-casein (β-CN) is a single amino acid substitution. This results in a different behavior of the protein upon enzymatic cleavage, following human consumption or due to microbial action. In most of the commercially available milk containing A1 or A1/A2 β-CN variants, the β-casomorphin-7 peptide (BCM-7) is released upon digestion and during cheese manufacturing/ripening, while this does not happen with A2 milk. BCM-7 is a known μ-opioid receptor agonist that may influence the gastro-intestinal physiology directly and may also exert effects elsewhere in the body, such as on the cardiovascular, neurological and endocrine systems. The present article is aimed at a revision of prior review papers on the topic, with a focus on the impact of ingestion of A1 β-CN milk and A2 β-CN milk on any health-related outcomes and on the impact of A1 or A2 β-CN variant on technological properties of cows' milk. When systematic reviews were considered, it was possible to conclude that A2 β-CN exerts beneficial effects at the gastrointestinal level compared with A1 β-CN, but that there is no evidence of A1 β-CN having negative effects on human health. Physicochemical differences among cows' milk containing either β-CN A2 or β-CN A1 and their effects on technological properties are discussed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.