ReviewJournal of oral and maxillofacial pathology : JOMFP
Risk of liver disease in areca nut habitual: A systematic review.
Review in Journal of oral and maxillofacial pathology : JOMFP. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- 3D Comparative Evaluation of Condylar Morphology Between Chronic Areca Nut Chewers and Nonchewers: Protocol for a Case-Control Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Understanding betel nut addiction: a review of harmful consequences, underlying neurobiology, and emerging intervention strategies.Translational psychiatry · 2026Review
- Biological Effects and Biomedical Applications of Areca Nut and Its Extract.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The Controversial Roles of Areca Nut: Medicine or Toxin?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Identifying Crude Drugs in Kampo Medicines Associated with Drug-Induced Liver Injury Using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report Database: A Comprehensive Survey.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Tendon Disorders in Chronic Liver Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Taiwan.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Dental and ENT Evaluation Before Liver Transplantation.Journal of clinical and experimental hepatologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Areca nut (AN) is one of the addictive substances known to cause deleterious effects on oral cavity as well as on various body organs including liver. But, scanty information is available reporting the adverse effects of AN chewing on the liver. Aim: To study the risk of liver disease in AN habitual based on the relevant published data. Methods: The literature search was performed by an electronic search of the PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Google Scholar databases using proper MESH headings and retrieved the articles published from 1998 to 2021. The eligibility criteria included: Human studies, AN habitual as study participants, use of controls and articles published in English. Data were extracted regarding characteristics of studies, characteristics of AN exposure, effect estimate and outcome of the studies. Results: Total 253 articles were identified from various databases and 15 studies were selected that met the inclusion criteria. Among these, thirteen studies showed an association between AN habit and attenuation of risk of liver disease as determined by relative risk/odds ratio/hazard ratio. Eleven studies described additive effect of AN and HBsAg and/or Anti hepatitis C virus status on development of liver disease. However, two of the studies showed opposite results. The heterogeneity in the study designs, exposure characteristics, outcomes and confounders precluded further meta-analysis. Conclusion: The association between AN chewing and an increased risk of developing liver disease is noted which necessitates the need for AN cessation campaign.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.