ArticleInternational journal of general medicine2022
MDR Pathogens Organisms as Risk Factor of Mortality in Secondary Pulmonary Bacterial Infections Among COVID-19 Patients: Observational Studies in Two Referral Hospitals in West Java, Indonesia.
Article in International journal of general medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Geographical mapping and temporal trends of Acinetobacter baumannii carbapenem resistance: A comprehensive meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Multidrug-resistant infection in COVID-19 patients: A meta-analysis.The Journal of infection · 2023Pooled it
- Trends in morbidity and mortality from bacterial infections in hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- An Observational Study to Determine the Prevalence of COVID-19 Among Hospitalized Patients With Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacterales Infections and Clinical Outcomes, 10 US Sites, 2020--2022.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Recent Advances in Colorimetric Tests for the Detection of Infectious Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on ESBL-ProducingAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Clinical and treatment factors associated with the mortality of COVID-19 patients admitted to a referral hospital in Indonesia.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2023Article
- Article
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Respiratory Specimens of Children with Pneumonia in Hainan, China.Infection and drug resistance · 2023Article
- The Diagnostic Value of Kinetics of NLR to Identify Secondary Pulmonary Bacterial Infection Among COVID-19 Patients at Single Tertiary Hospital in Indonesia.International journal of general medicine · 2023Article
- Problems Associated with Co-Infection by Multidrug-ResistantHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Consumption of Antibiotics in Primary Care Setting before and during COVID-19 Pandemic in Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Antibiotic Resistance in COVID-19 with Bacterial Infection: Laboratory-Based Surveillance Study at Single Tertiary Hospital in Indonesia.Infection and drug resistance · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has created a global health crisis. Secondary pulmonary bacterial infection is a COVID-19 complication, increasing morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the pathogens, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and risk factors for mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study used secondary data from patients' electronic medical records at Hasan Sadikin General Hospital and Santo Borromeus Hospital between March 2020 and March 2021. Overall, 2230 hospitalized COVID-19 patients were screened, and 182 of them who were hospitalized ≥48 hours with a procalcitonin level of ≥0.25 ng/mL were enrolled. Culture examination was performed on sputum samples to determine pathogen and antibiotic susceptibilities. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine mortality-related risk factors in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Results: The prevalence of secondary pulmonary bacterial infections in COVID-19 patients was 8.2%, with 161/182 pathogen growth from sputum samples. Mainly gram-negative bacteria (64.8%) were present, including Conclusion: Gram-negative bacteria are the predominant pathogens causing secondary pulmonary bacterial infection in COVID-19 patients, implying nosocomial infection. High resistance to first-line antimicrobial drugs was observed in Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria. High rate of MDR pathogens was found among isolate and was associated with a significant risk of mortality.
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