ArticleMedical oncology (Northwood, London, England)2022
Tumor-associated macrophages of the M1/M2 phenotype are involved in the regulation of malignant biological behavior of breast cancer cells through the EMT pathway.
Article in Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microfluidic Biofabrication of a Hydrogel Vessel-Like Structure for Interrogating Tumor Cell Propagation in a Breast Cancer-on-a-Chip Model.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Exosomal lncRNAs as molecular switches driving macrophage-tumor co-evolution in breast cancer.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- MLK4 orchestrates macrophage-induced triple-negative breast cancer invasion and ECM remodeling via enhanced paracrine signaling and NF-κB-MMP axis activation.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- The role and research progress of FGF21 in breast cancer: a review.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
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- Multivalently engineered glyco-nanoplatforms for targeted therapy and diagnostics.Chemical science · 2025Review
- Macrophages expressing chimeric cytokine receptors have an inflammatory phenotype and antitumoral activity upon IL-10 or TGFβ stimulation.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Lung cancer intravasation-on-a-chip: Visualization and machine learning-assisted automatic quantification.Bioactive materials · 2025Article
- Microenvironment and Tumor Heterogeneity as Pharmacological Targets in Precision Oncology.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Breast Cancer and Tumor Microenvironment: The Crucial Role of Immune Cells.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- Early-Stage Luminal B-like Breast Cancer Exhibits a More Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment than Luminal A-like Breast Cancer.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Identification of Molecular Subtypes and Prognostic Features for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Based on Golgi Apparatus-Related Gene Signature.Oncology research · 2025Article
- How to Use Macrophages Against Cancer.Cells · 2024Review
- Article
- Inhibition of STAT3 by 2-Methoxyestradiol suppresses M2 polarization and protumoral functions of macrophages in breast cancer.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and uterine fibroids: Role in collagen synthesis.Cytokine & growth factor reviews · 2024Review
- Identification of breast cancer subgroups and immune characterization based on glutamine metabolism-related genes.BMC medical genomics · 2024Article
- Expression of tumor-associated macrophages and PD-L1 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and construction of a prognostic model.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
- M1/M2 macrophages and their overlaps - myth or reality?Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2023Article
- Tamoxifen Modulates the Immune Landscape of the Tumour Microenvironment: The Paired Siglec-5/14 Checkpoint in Anti-Tumour Immunity in an In Vitro Model of Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer. More and more studies have shown that the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) of TNBC is closely related to its poor prognosis and early metastasis. We try to explain how tumor-associate macrophages (TAMs), an important component of the TME, function in the matrix of TNBC. Therefore, we induced THP-1 cells to become M1-TAMs and M2-TAMs, investigated their influence on breast cancer cells. 82 TNBC paraffin samples were made into tissue microarrays. The expression of macrophages makers were measured by immunohistochemistry. Scratch assay, Transwell assay, CCK-8 cell proliferation assay were performed in the co-culture system of breast cancer cells lines and macrophages to observe the invasion and proliferation ability of breast cancer cell lines. Western Blot (WB) was performed to detect the expression of E-cadherin (CDH1) and N-cadherin (CDH2). M2-TAMs were more numerous than M1-TAMs in the matrix of TNBC cancer nests and associated with poor prognosis. M2-TAMs promoted the invasion, migration, and proliferation of TNBC cells. M1-TAMs had inhibitory effects. In MCF-7 cells, WB showed a decrease in CDH1 and an increase in CDH2. In MDA-MB-231 cells and BT549 cells, CDH2 expression was reduced and CDH1 expression was increased. All of the above results were statistically significant, p < 0.001. M2-TAMs were more numerous in TNBC and associated with poor prognosis. M2-TAMs promoted the invasion, migration, and proliferation of breast cancer cells. The mechanism may be related to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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