ArticleNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2022
Adolescents' Understanding of Smoking and Vaping Risk Language: Cognitive Interviews to Inform Scale Development.
Article in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Identifying Promising Message Themes for Youth Who Use Multiple Tobacco Products.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2025Trial
- How Do Behavioral Framing, Linguistic Certainty, and Target Specification Impact Responses to Vaping Prevention Messages?Journal of health communication · 2024Trial
- Examining the Longitudinal Relationship Between Perceived and Actual Message Effectiveness: A Randomized Trial.Health communication · 2024Trial
- Identifying Promising Themes for Adolescent Vaping Warnings: A National Experiment.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Trial
- #NoIDVape: A content analysis of illicit vape messaging in young people's information sources.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Article
- Development of the Canadian Eating Practices Screener for Adolescents to assess eating practices based on Canada's Food Guide 2019 recommendations.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025Article
- Unveiling the socio contextual triggers of smokeless tobacco use among blue collar workers: implications for workplace health and policy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Preventing and addressing youth vaping in British Columbia, Canada: Evidence from triangulation of a scoping review of vaping policy and qualitative interviews with school-aged youth.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Review
- Synthetic nicotine descriptors: awareness and impact on perceptions of e-cigarettes among US youth.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- Building a 4E interview-grounded theory model: A case study of demand factors for customized furniture.PloS one · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionPerceived message effectiveness (PME) is a common metric to understand receptivity to tobacco prevention messages, yet most measures have been developed with adults. We examined adolescents' interpretation of language within candidate items for a new youth-targeted PME measure using cognitive interviewing. We sought to understand the meaning adolescents assigned to our candidate PME items to improve item wording. AIMS AND
methodsParticipants were 20 adolescents, ages 13-17 years from the United States. Cognitive interviews used a structured guide to elicit feedback on comprehension, answer retrieval, and language regarding a set of Reasoned Action Approach-based survey items that assessed the PME of smoking and vaping prevention ads. We employed thematic analysis to synthesize findings from the interviews.
resultsInterviews identified three main issues related to survey items: ambiguity of language, word choice (risk and other terminology), and survey item phrasing. Adolescents preferred direct, definitive language over more ambiguous phrasing which they saw as less serious (eg, "will" instead of "could"). For risk terminology, they preferred terms such as "harmful" and "dangerous" over "risky," which was viewed as easy to discount. The term "negative effects" was interpreted as encompassing a broader set of tobacco harms than "health effects." Adolescents said that the term "vape" was preferable to "e-cigarette," and identified ways to simplify item wording for greater clarity.
conclusionsTobacco risk terms that appear similar differ in meaning to adolescents, and more direct and unambiguous language is preferred. Our findings informed changes to the PME scale items to improve clarity and reduce measurement error. IMPLICATIONS: This study adds to the literature on how adolescents interpret tobacco prevention language. Adolescents may interpret terminology differently than adults, which could lead to ambiguity in meaning and thus measurement error. Through cognitive interviewing, we identified and improved the language in a youth-focused PME measure for tobacco and vaping prevention.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.