ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2022
The Structural and Mechanical Basis for Passive-Hydraulic Pine Cone Actuation.
Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quantification of plant structure-function relationships through micro-CT imaging-based finite element modeling.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2026Review
- Soft Robots Powered by Sustainable Energy.Chemical reviews · 2026Review
- Coupling programmable shape morphing and solvent-fueled propulsion in a soft bicontinuous composite.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Beyond the bilayer: multilayered hygroscopic actuation in pine cone scales.Beilstein journal of nanotechnology · 2025Article
- Hygroscopic movements of cone scale of white firFrontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- Weather-responsive adaptive shading through biobased and bioinspired hygromorphic 4D-printing.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Orchestrated Movement Sequences and Shape-Memory-like Effects in Pine Cones.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
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- Stereo Camera Setup for 360° Digital Image Correlation to Reveal Smart Structures ofBiomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A highly efficient and sustainable photoabsorber in solar-driven seawater desalination and wastewater purification.RSC advances · 2023Article
- Cross-Sectional 4D-Printing: Upscaling Self-Shaping Structures with Differentiated Material Properties Inspired by the Large-Flowered Butterwort (Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Chemical Gradients in Polymer-Modified Paper Sheets-Towards Single-Layer Biomimetic Soft Robots.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Digital image correlation techniques for motion analysis and biomechanical characterization of plants.Frontiers in plant science · 2023Review
- Macromolecular bridging-enhanced holey graphene oxide-based film and its humidity deformation response.iScience · 2022Article
- Optimization of the process of seed extraction from the Larix decidua Mill. cones including evaluation of seed quantity and quality.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- The Structural and Mechanical Basis for Passive-Hydraulic Pine Cone Actuation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2022Article
- The cracking of Scots pine (Frontiers in plant science · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The opening and closing of pine cones is based on the hygroscopic behavior of the individual seed scales around the cone axis, which bend passively in response to changes in environmental humidity. Although prior studies suggest a bilayer architecture consisting of lower actuating (swellable) sclereid and upper restrictive (non- or lesser swellable) sclerenchymatous fiber tissue layers to be the structural basis of this behavior, the exact mechanism of how humidity changes are translated into global movement are still unclear. Here, the mechanical and hydraulic properties of each structural component of the scale are investigated to get a holistic picture of their functional interplay. Measurements of the wetting behavior, water uptake, and mechanical measurements are used to analyze the influence of hydration on the different tissues of the cone scales. Furthermore, their dimensional changes during actuation are measured by comparative micro-computed tomography (µ-CT) investigations of dry and wet scales, which are corroborated and extended by 3D-digital image correlation-based displacement and strain analyses, biomechanical testing of actuation force, and finite element simulations. Altogether, a model allowing a detailed mechanistic understanding of pine cone actuation is developed, which is a prime concept generator for the development of biomimetic hygromorphic systems.
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Registered trials
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