Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35565362›Full record

ArticleCancers2022

Senescence Is the Main Trait Induced by Temozolomide in Glioblastoma Cells.

Lea Beltzig, Christian Schwarzenbach, Petra Leukel, Katrin B M Frauenknecht, Clemens Sommer, Alessandro Tancredi, Monika E Hegi, Markus Christmann, Bernd Kaina

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cancers, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
39citing papers in PubMed
6.4field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

39 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. CombinedArhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Cellular Senescence Triggered by Food and Environmental Genotoxins.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Therapeutic targeting of senescent cells in the CNS.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2024
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Lea BeltzigInstitute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
Christian SchwarzenbachInstitute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-9323-0053
Petra LeukelInstitute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
Katrin B M FrauenknechtInstitute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-1372-3297
Clemens SommerInstitute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
Alessandro TancrediNeuroscience Research Center and Neurosurgery, Lausanne University Hospital, H-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-1431-2964
Monika E HegiNeuroscience Research Center and Neurosurgery, Lausanne University Hospital, H-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-0855-6495
Markus ChristmannInstitute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-9672-231X
Bernd KainaInstitute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-8217-0809
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz · DEUniversity of Lausanne · CH

Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft KA724/31-1 and CH665/5-1Swiss National Science Foundation 31003A-182821
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

First-line drug in the treatment of glioblastoma, the most severe brain cancer, is temozolomide (TMZ), a DNA-methylating agent that induces the critical damage O6-methylguanine (O6MeG). This lesion is cytotoxic through the generation of mismatch repair-mediated DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which trigger apoptotic pathways. Previously, we showed that O6MeG also induces cellular senescence (CSEN). Here, we show that TMZ-induced CSEN is a late response which has similar kinetics to apoptosis, but at a fourfold higher level. CSEN cells show a high amount of DSBs, which are located outside of telomeres, a high level of ROS and oxidized DNA damage (8-oxo-guanine), and sustained activation of the DNA damage response and histone methylation. Despite the presence of DSBs, CSEN cells are capable of repairing radiation-induced DSBs. Glioblastoma cells that acquired resistance to TMZ became simultaneously resistant to TMZ-induced CSEN. Using a Tet-On glioblastoma cell system, we show that upregulation of MGMT immediately after TMZ completely abrogated apoptosis and CSEN, while induction of MGMT long-term (>72 h) after TMZ did not reduce apoptosis and CSEN. Furthermore, upregulation of MGMT in the senescent cell population had no impact on the survival of senescent cells, indicating that O6MeG is required for induction, but not for maintenance of the senescent state. We further show that, in recurrent GBM specimens, a significantly higher level of DSBs and CSEN-associated histone H3K27me3 was observed than in the corresponding primary tumors. Overall, the data indicate that CSEN is a key node induced in GBM following chemotherapy.

Indexed as

apoptosisglioblastomaMGMTO6-methylguaninesenescencetemozolomide

Identifiers

PMID35565362
PMCPMC9102829
OpenAlexW4225116040

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.