ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
Understanding the Online Environment for the Delivery of Food, Alcohol and Tobacco: An Exploratory Analysis of 'Dark Kitchens' and Rapid Grocery Delivery Services.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Offline to online: a systematic mapping review of evidence to inform nutrition-related policies applicable to online food delivery platforms.BMC medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Digital chameleons of the food environment: an exploratory analysis of the shapeshifting nature of dark kitchens in Australia and their regulatory challenges.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Identifying online only delivery food outlets in the North of England using data from food delivery apps.BMC public health · 2026Article
- The UK Food Environment: A Systematic Review of Domains, Methodologies, and Outcomes.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Review
- Identification of factors associated with foreign substance contamination in restaurant food.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Menu item prices and promotions offered on a meal delivery app in the UK and their socio-economic patterns.Public health nutrition · 2025Article
- 'Going dark' or under the radar? Challenges and opportunities for local authorities and dark kitchens in ensuring food safety.Food control · 2025Article
- Addressing the commercial determinants of mental health: an umbrella review of population-level interventions.Health promotion international · 2024Review
- Young people's views and experience of diet-related inequalities in England (UK): a qualitative study.Health promotion international · 2024Article
- Availability of Alcohol on an Online Third-Party Delivery Platform Across London Boroughs, England: Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR formative research · 2024Article
- Consumer knowledge of and engagement with traditional takeaway and dark kitchen food outlets.NIHR open research · 2024Article
- Promoting health in the digital environment: health policy experts' responses to on-demand delivery in Aotearoa New Zealand.Health promotion international · 2023Article
- Changes in Online Food Access During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Associations With Deprivation: Longitudinal Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Online spaces are increasingly important in the sale of food, alcohol and tobacco. This analysis focuses on two developments in online food delivery: delivery-only 'dark kitchens' and rapid grocery delivery services (RGDS), with the aim to understand and assess the availability of health harming and health promoting products through these services. Data was collected for one metropolitan local authority in London, UK, using publicly available online sources. Being explorative in nature, the analysis includes descriptive statistics and qualitative assessment. Three dark kitchens (renting kitchens to 116 food businesses), three grocery delivery apps, and 76 grocery businesses available through online delivery platforms were identified. Most businesses renting dark kitchen space were 'virtual restaurants' (52%) selling fast food (47%) or dessert (21%) through online delivery platforms. RGDS sold a variety of items, with a focus on pre-packaged foods high in fat, salt and sugar, alcoholic beverages and tobacco. These items were also most likely to be promoted through offers and promotional language. Fruits and vegetables were less commonly available and mainly on grocery delivery apps. Online delivery services increase the temporal and geographic availability and promotion of many unhealthy products. Research expanding on the geographic area of interest is needed.
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Registered trials
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