ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Calprotectin and Imbalances between Acute-Phase Mediators Are Associated with Critical Illness in COVID-19.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- S100 Protein and Interleukin Biomarkers Among COVID-19 Subjects With and Without Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.British journal of biomedical science · 2025Pooled it
- Elevated level of circulating calprotectin correlates with severity and high mortality in patients with COVID-19.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Pooled it
- Sepsis associated with Clostridioides difficile infection carries similar mortality to sepsis of other origin: a propensity score-matched analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- Current Insights into Clinical, Molecular, and Therapeutic Approaches to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Serum Calprotectin in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Relation to High-Dimensional Serum Proteomic Patterns.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Observational
- Multifaceted Immunomodulatory Nanocomplexes Target Neutrophilic-ROS Inflammation in Acute Lung Injury.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- CCL18, CHI3L1, ANG2, IL-6 systemic levels are associated with the extent of lung damage and radiomic features in SARS-CoV-2 infection.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2024Article
- Serum Mrp 8/14 as a Potential Biomarker for Predicting the Occurrence of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Induced by Sepsis: A Retrospective Controlled Study.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Article
- Neurovascular unit, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration markers in brain disorders.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Article
- Elevated matrix metalloproteinase‑9 expression is associated with COVID‑19 severity: A meta‑analysis.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2023Article
- Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Stimulates Secretion of Chymase, Tryptase, and IL-1β from Human Mast Cells, Augmented by IL-33.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Review
- Article
- Exploratory analysis of interleukin-38 in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2-Infection (COVID-19): Clinical Course, Viral Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and Cause(s) of Death.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Circulating Calprotectin as a Predictive and Severity Biomarker in Patients with COVID-19.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Pathogen effects on the brain: the case of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and neuro COVID.Frontiers in neurologyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The trajectory from moderate and severe COVID-19 into acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) necessitating mechanical ventilation (MV) is a field of active research. We determined serum levels within 24 h of presentation of 20 different sets of mediators (calprotectin, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, interferons) of patients with COVID-19 at different stages of severity (asymptomatic, moderate, severe and ARDS/MV). The primary endpoint was to define associations with critical illness, and the secondary endpoint was to identify the pathways associated with mortality. Results were validated in serial measurements of mediators among participants of the SAVE-MORE trial. Levels of the proinflammatory interleukin (IL)-8, IL-18, matrix metalloproteinase-9, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B and calprotectin (S100A8/A9) were significantly higher in patients with ARDS and MV. Levels of the anti-inflammatory IL-1ra and IL-33r were also increased; IL-38 was increased only in asymptomatic patients but significantly decreased in the more severe cases. Multivariate ordinal regression showed that pathways of IL-6, IL-33 and calprotectin were associated with significant probability for worse outcome. Calprotectin was serially increased from baseline among patients who progressed to ARDS and MV. Further research is needed to decipher the significance of these findings compared to other acute-phase reactants, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) or ferritin, for the prognosis and development of effective treatments.
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Registered trials
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