Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35562831›Full record

ArticleNutrition journal2022

Weight gain attempts and diet modification efforts among adults in five countries: a cross-sectional study.

Kyle T Ganson, Jason M Nagata, Lana Vanderlee, Rachel F Rodgers, Jason M Lavender, Vivienne M Hazzard, Stuart B Murray, Mitchell Cunningham, David Hammond

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Nutrition journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Kyle T GansonFactor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-3889-3716
Jason M NagataDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street., Box 0110, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA. jason.nagata@ucsf.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-6541-0604
Lana VanderleeÉcole de Nutrition, Centre de Nutrition, Santé Et Société (NUTRISS), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-5384-1821
Rachel F RodgersAPPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
Jason M LavenderDepartment of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9853-2280
Vivienne M HazzardSanford Center for Bio-Behavioral Research, Sanford Health, Fargo, ND, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3933-1766
Stuart B MurrayDepartment of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5588-2915
Mitchell CunninghamSchool of Psychology, The University of Sydney, NSW, Sydney, Australia.
David HammondSchool of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.

Funding

Informing national guidelines on adolescent and young adult physical activity and sedentary behavior to prevent cardiovascular diseaseK08HL159350 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI NAGATA, JASON M · 2021 to 2025
$869k
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRecent research has emphasized a growing trend of weight gain attempts, particularly among adolescents and boys and young men. Little research has investigated these efforts among adults, as well as the specific diet modifications individuals who are trying to gain weight engage in. Therefore, the aims of this study were to characterize the diet modification efforts used by adults across five countries who reported engaging in weight gain attempts and to determine the associations between weight gain attempts and concerted diet modification efforts.

methodsCross-sectional data from the 2018 and 2019 International Food Policy Study, including participants from Australia, Canada, Mexico, the United Kingdom, and the United States (N = 42,108), were analyzed. In reference to the past 12 months, participants reported on weight gain attempts and diet modification efforts related to increased consumption of calories, protein, fiber, fruits and vegetables, whole grains, dairy products, all meats, red meat only, fats, sugar/added sugar, salt/sodium, and processed foods. Unadjusted (chi-square tests) and adjusted (modified Poisson regressions) analyses were conducted to examine associations between weight gain attempts and diet modification efforts.

resultsWeight gain attempts were significantly associated with higher likelihood of each of the 12 forms of diet modification efforts among male participants, and 10 of the diet modification efforts among female participants. Notably, this included higher likelihood of efforts to consume more calories (males: adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 3.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.94-3.59; females: aPR 4.05, 95% CI 3.50-4.70) and fats (males: aPR 2.71, 95% CI 2.42-3.03; females: aPR 3.03, 95% CI 2.58-3.55).

conclusionsOverall, the patterns of association between weight gain attempts and diet modification efforts may be indicative of the phenomenon of muscularity-oriented eating behaviors. Findings further highlight the types of foods and nutrients adults from five countries may try to consume in attempts to gain weight.

Indexed as

Feeding BehaviorWeight GainAdolescentAdultCross-Sectional StudiesDietFemaleHumansMaleSugarsUnited StatesWhole GrainsSugarsCaloriesDiet modificationFood; dietMuscularityWeight gain attempts

Identifiers

PMID35562831
PMCPMC9102257

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.