ArticleBMC health services research2022
Emergency services utilization in Jakarta (Indonesia): a cross-sectional study of patients attending hospital emergency departments.
Article in BMC health services research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors influencing emergency department utilisation using Andersen's behavioural model: a cross-sectional study in a public hospital in Malaysia.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Synthesizing a pragmatic and systemized measure of universal health coverage: verifying the circumstances of mortality CATegories of death investigated by verbal autopsy.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Response Time and Influencing Factors Among Emergency Nurses in Indonesian Hospital: A Scoping Review of Current Evidence.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025Review
- Close-Up on Ambulance Service Estimation in Indonesia: Monte Carlo Simulation Study.Interactive journal of medical research · 2024Article
- Key challenges in prehospital and emergency care in Indonesia and Malaysia: a survey of frontline clinicians.BMC research notes · 2024Article
- Article
- Patients' pathways to the emergency department: a scoping review.International journal of emergency medicine · 2024Article
- Geospatial Access to Emergency Obstetric Surgery in Indonesia: Is Travel Time for Access Too Long?Annals of global health · 2024Article
- Emergency Nurses' Competency in the Emergency Department Context: A Qualitative Study.Open access emergency medicine : OAEM · 2023Article
- Urban-sub-urban-rural variation in the supply and demand of emergency medical services.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPre-hospital and emergency services in Indonesia are still developing. Despite recent improvements in the Indonesian healthcare system, issues with the provision of pre-hospital and emergency services persist. The demand for pre-hospital and emergency services has not been the subject of previous research and, therefore, has not been fully understood. Our research explored the utilization of emergency medical services by patients attending hospital emergency departments in Jakarta, Indonesia.
methodsThe study used a cross-sectional survey design involving five general hospitals (four government-funded and one private). Each patient's demographic profile, medical conditions, time to treatment, and mode of transport to reach the hospital were analysed using descriptive statistics.
resultsA total of 1964 (62%) patients were surveyed. The median age of patients was 44 years with an interquartile range (IQR) of 26 to 58 years. Life-threatening conditions such as trauma and cardiovascular disease were found in 8.6 and 6.6% of patients, respectively. The majority of patients with trauma travelled to the hospital using a motorcycle or car (59.8%). An ambulance was used by only 9.3% of all patients and 38% of patients reported that they were not aware of the availability of ambulances. Ambulance response time was longer as compared to other modes of transportation (median: 24 minutes and IQR: 12 to 54 minutes). The longest time to treatment was experienced by patients with neurological disease, with a median time of 120 minutes (IQR: 78 to 270 minutes). Patients who used ambulances incurred higher costs as compared to those patients who did not use ambulances.
conclusionThe low utilization of emergency ambulances in Jakarta could be contributed to patients' lack of awareness of medical symptoms and the existence of ambulance services, and patients' disinclination to use ambulances due to high costs and long response times. The emergency ambulance services can be improved by increasing population awareness on symptoms that warrant the use of ambulances and reducing the cost burden related to ambulance use.
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