ReviewArthritis research & therapy2022
The role of endothelin and RAS/ERK signaling in immunopathogenesis-related fibrosis in patients with systemic sclerosis: an updated review with therapeutic implications.
Review in Arthritis research & therapy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diminazene Aceturate Ameliorates Hypertension-Induced Cognitive Impairment by Disrupting the CCN1-Integrin αvβ6-TGF-β Axis and Preserving Mitochondrial Integrity.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- IL-13 and skin fibrosis in inflammatory skin diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Upregulation of RAF and RalGDS gene expression by TGF-β in systemic sclerosis dermal fibroblasts: a controlled in vitro study.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Screening of potential oxidative stress-related biomarkers and therapeutic drugs in rheumatoid arthritis based on integrative bioinformatics, machine learning, and molecular dynamics simulations.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Article
- Baricitinib ameliorates skin fibrosis via direct fibroblast suppression and endothelial exosome-mediated paracrine signaling.Arthritis research & therapy · 2025Article
- Systemic sclerosis, main culprits and involved signaling pathways.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025Review
- Dual Endothelin Receptor Inhibition with Bosentan Does Not Prevent the Early Formation of Post-Traumatic Joint Contracture in a Rat Model.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Elucidating Ras protein as a dual therapeutic target for inflammation and cancer: a review.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Lactobacillus reuteri NCHBL-005 improves wound healing by promoting the activation of fibroblasts through TLR2/MAPK signaling.Inflammation and regeneration · 2025Article
- Determination of both the expression and serum levels of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor β1 genes in COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A review of recent studies on the pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis: focus on fibrosis pathways.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Endothelin-1 as a Candidate Biomarker of Systemic Sclerosis: A GRADE-Assessed Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis With Meta-Regression.Biomarker insights · 2025Article
- Salirasib Inhibits the Expression of Genes Involved in Fibrosis in Fibroblasts of Systemic Sclerosis Patients.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Article
- Biomarkers reflecting the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and guide therapeutic approach in systemic sclerosis: a narrative review.Clinical rheumatology · 2024Review
- Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: From Bedside to Bench and Back Again.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- LATS2 degradation promoted fibrosis damage and rescued by vitamin K3 in lupus nephritis.Arthritis research & therapy · 2024Article
- Ras family signaling pathway in immunopathogenesis of inflammatory rheumatic diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- The extracellular matrix glycoprotein fibrillin-1 in health and disease.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- Shared mechanisms and crosstalk of COVID-19 and osteoporosis via vitamin D.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Immunosuppressants Tacrolimus and Sirolimus revert the cardiac antifibrotic properties of p38-MAPK inhibition in 3D-multicellular human iPSC-heart organoids.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a disease of connective tissue with high rate of morbidity and mortality highlighted by extreme fibrosis affecting various organs such as the dermis, lungs, and heart. Until now, there is no specific cure for the fibrosis occurred in SSc disease. The SSc pathogenesis is yet unknown, but transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and Ras-ERK1/2 cascade are the main factors contributing to the tissue fibrosis through extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation. Several studies have hallmarked the association of ET-1 with or without TGF-β and Ras-ERK1/2 signaling in the development of SSc disease, vasculopathy, and fibrosis of the dermis, lungs, and several organs. Accordingly, different clinical and experimental studies have indicated the potential therapeutic role of ET-1 and Ras antagonists in these situations in SSc. In addition, ET-1 and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) as a cofactor of the TGF-β cascade play a substantial initiative role in inducing fibrosis. Once initiated, TGF-β alone or in combination with ET-1 and CTGF can activate several kinase proteins such as the Ras-ERK1/2 pathway that serve as the fundamental factor for developing fibrosis. Furthermore, Salirasib is a synthetic small molecule that is able to inhibit all Ras forms. Therefore, it can be used as a potent therapeutic factor for fibrotic disorders. So, this review discusses the role of TGF-β/ET-1/Ras signaling and their involvement in SSc pathogenesis, particularly in its fibrotic situation.
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