ArticleBMC oral health2022
Sex-related differences in endothelium-dependent vasodilation of human gingiva.
Article in BMC oral health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04918563 (Investigation of the Endothel Dependent and Independent Vasodilatation in Human Gingiva), which is not on this map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Investigation of the Endothel Dependent and Independent Vasodilatation in Human Gingiva: Comparison of the Effect of NO and ACH
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Laser doppler flowmetry as a diagnostic tool to detect gingival inflammation: a systematic review.BMC oral health · 2025Pooled it
- Sex differences in macro- and microvascular reactivity - a systematic review and meta-analysis.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2025Review
- Non-invasive and quantitative methods for assessment of blood flow in periodontal and oral soft tissues: a systematic review.Frontiers in dental medicine · 2025Review
- Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Vascular Response to Mechanical Compression during Induced Gingival Inflammation.Journal of dental research · 2024Article
- Dose-related effect of acetylcholine on human gingival blood flow.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- Periodontal Health and Its Relationship with Psychological Stress: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Evaluation of NETosis (Neutrophil Extracellular Traps) biomarkers in smokers and nonsmokers periodontitis patients.F1000Research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSex hormones influence circulation, periodontitis, and wound healing. The aim of the study was to compare the endothelium-dependent and independent vasodilation in human gingiva in men and women.
methodsGingival blood flow was evaluated in twelve male and twelve female subjects with healthy gingiva and no systemic conditions after acetylcholine or nitric oxide donor (NitroPOHL). Agonists were administered into the gingival sulcus at the right secondary incisor (test site). Regional gingival blood flow (GBF) was imaged by Laser Speckle Contrast Imager from the marginal gingiva to the mucogingival junction in four consecutive regions (coronal, midway1, midway2 and apical). Blood flow was expressed in Laser Speckle Perfusion Unit (LSPU). The absolute maximal blood flow change (Dmax), the area under the blood flow curve (AUC), and the time to peak (TTP) were calculated.
resultsMales had higher baseline GBF than females (257 ± 18.2 vs. 225 ± 18.8 LSPU, p < 0.001). Acetylcholine and NitroPOHL significantly increased the GBF in all test regions. The Dmax after the acetylcholine was reduced apically compared to the coronal (90 ± 13 LSPU vs. 117 ± 7 LSPU, p < 0.01), but it was similar after NitroPOHL (78 ± 9 LSPU vs. 86 ± 6 LSPU, p = 0.398) in both sexes. The Dmax and AUC were higher, and the TTP was smaller in men in most regions after acetylcholine but not after NitroPOHL.
conclusionIn the human gingiva, the endothelium-independent vasodilation propagates without attenuation in the line of the vascular supply in both sexes. At the same time, the endothelium-dependent ascending vasodilation attenuates similarly in men and women. However, men had more pronounced endothelium-dependent vasodilation than women. Therefore, it might contribute to the increased severity of periodontal disease in men.
trial registrationThe study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov on 09.06.2021 (NCT04918563).
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