ArticleFertility and sterility2022
Smoking and infertility: multivariable regression and Mendelian randomization analyses in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study.
Article in Fertility and sterility, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review of Mendelian randomization studies on common male-specific diseases.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Parental genetically predicted liability for coronary heart disease and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: a cohort study.BMC medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Mendelian randomization of risk factors for premenstrual disorders.Npj mental health research · 2026Article
- The influence of unhealthy lifestyle on semen quality: results from a cross-sectional study and Mendelian randomization analysis.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Cigarette use, secondhand smoke exposure and age-related infertility among US women: A cross-sectional NHANES study.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2026Article
- Article
- Impaired glucose tolerance and cardiovascular risk factors in relation to infertility: a Mendelian randomization analysis in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Cardiovascular disease risk factors and infertility: multivariable analyses and one-sample Mendelian randomization analyses in the Trøndelag Health Study.Human reproduction open · 2024Article
- Preconception depression reduces fertility: a couple-based prospective preconception cohort.Human reproduction open · 2024Article
- Both reduced ovarian reserve and severe semen alterations are overrepresented in couples seeking assisted reproductive technology treatment for the first time: a cross-sectional study.Reproductive health · 2023Article
- Beyond body mass index: a synthesis of lifestyle factors that may influence in vitro fertilisation outcomes.British journal of midwifery · 2023Article
- The causal association between smoking initiation, alcohol and coffee consumption, and women's reproductive health: A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.Frontiers in genetics · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the association between smoking and infertility.
designProspective study.
settingNationwide cohort. PATIENTS: 28,606 women and 27,096 men with questionnaire and genotype information from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study.
interventionSelf-reported information on smoking (having ever smoked [both sexes], age at initiation [women only], cessation [women only], and cigarettes/week in current smokers [both sexes]) was gathered. Genetically predetermined levels or likelihood of presenting these traits were estimated for Mendelian randomization.
main outcome measureInfertility (time-to-pregnancy ≥12 months).
resultsHaving ever smoked was unrelated to infertility in women or men. Higher smoking intensity in women was associated with greater infertility odds (+1 standard deviation [SD, 48 cigarettes/week]: odds ratio [OR]
conclusionsWe did not find robust evidence of an effect of smoking on infertility. This may be due to a true lack of effect, weak genetic instruments, or other kinds of confounding.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.