SynthesisJournal of affective disorders2022
Gender and COVID-19 related fear and anxiety: A meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of affective disorders, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers.
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Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Do Females and Males Experience Occupational Stress Differently? Insights From a Meta-Analysis.Safety and health at work · 2026Review
- Article
- Mental health status of workers in the semiconductor industry during the COVID-19 pandemic: comparisons between regions on three continents.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Mapping Sex Differences in Depression, Anxiety, and Co-Occurring Symptoms in Adults Under Stress: A Bayesian Network Approach.Depression and anxiety · 2026Article
- Global burden of diseases attributed to mental and substance use disorders in reproductive-age women: an ecological analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- COVID-19 Stress and Resilience: A Longitudinal Cohort Study of First-Year College Students.Journal of adolescence · 2026Article
- Did Religion Help Me?: Coping During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Grenada.Journal of religion and health · 2025Article
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic: unveiling the traits that hold the key-a cross-sectional study.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Psychological and Burnout Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Individuals.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Article
- The internet usage increases fear of infection with Covid-19.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Gender Disparities in Pandemic-Related Strains, Digital Coping Strategies, and Protective Mechanisms Among Rural-to-Urban Migrant Working Adolescents in China.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Gender-specific differences in mental health literacy and influencing factors among residents in Foshan City, China: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Drug stockpiling behavior and its impact on anxiety among the general public in the early stage after the lifting of China's Zero-COVID policy: results from a web-based survey.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Article
- How sex impacted associations between psychological distress and worry on adults' health behaviours during SARS-CoV-2.PloS one · 2025Article
- Predictors of the Fear of COVID-19 in Individuals with Schizophrenia: a Prospective Study.International journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Co-rumination and intrapersonal cognitive processes predict distress: Longitudinal evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2024Article
- Fear and Impact of COVID-19 Among Post-Infected Adults: Types and Associations with Quality of Life and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2024Article
- Factors Associated with Older People's Anxiety Symptom Positioning after COVID-19: Cross-Sectional Findings from a Canadian Sample.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Studies conducted during the pandemic revealed strong associations between gender and COVID-19 related fear and anxiety. Females perceive coronavirus as a greater threat to personal health and population than males. The aim of the current meta-analysis is to estimate gender difference in COVID-19 related fear and anxiety. The second purpose of this study is to clarify the role of potential moderators in COVID-19 fear and anxiety. For these reasons, studies published between March 2020 and October 2021 were searched in various databases (Web of Science, SCOPUS, PubMed, and Google Scholar). In total, 315 studies met the inclusion criteria, and 60 studies for COVID-19 related fear and 23 studies for COVID-19 related anxiety were included in the current study. Cohen's d effect size values were calculated based on these individual studies showing the difference between males and females in terms of COVID-19 related fear and anxiety. Results revealed that gender has a moderate and statistically significant effect on COVID-19 related fear (ES = 0.307) and anxiety (ES = 0.316) in favor of females. Moderator analyses showed that continent variable was a statistically significant moderator of gender difference in COVID-19 related fear and anxiety. The highest effect size of gender differences in COVID-related fear and anxiety were obtained from the studies conducted in Europe. However, other moderators (the average age of sample, culture, timing, and population) were not statistically significant. Although this meta-analysis has a few limitations, the findings showed that COVID-19 outbreak negatively affected females more.
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