ArticleFrontiers in immunology2022
T-Cell Heterogeneity in Baseline Tumor Samples: Implications for Early Clinical Trial Design and Analysis.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting regulatory T cells in the prostate cancer microenvironment: From mechanisms to therapeutics (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2026Review
- Biomarkers of activity from a phase I study of cergutuzumab amunaleukin in patients with advanced solid tumors.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Pre-Treatment HBV Activation Modulates Circulating Immune Markers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Undergoing TACE Plus ICIs and Anti-VEGF Antibodies/TKIs.Cancer management and research · 2026Article
- Association of potential biomarkers with clinical outcomes in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer treated with pembrolizumab or chemotherapy.NPJ breast cancer · 2025Article
- Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis: Novel Prognostic Biomarkers Identified.Phenomics (Cham, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Hyaluronidase: structure, mechanism of action, diseases and therapeutic targets.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- Trial watch: chemotherapy-induced immunogenic cell death in oncology.Oncoimmunology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: In early stage clinical trials, changes to levels of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are critical biomarkers of the mechanism of action of novel immunotherapies. However, baseline heterogeneity of tumor samples, both between and within patients, and the resultant impact on the validity of clinical trial data is not well defined. Here we identify and quantify the impact of baseline variables on the heterogeneity of FoxP3+ and proliferating CD8+ T-cells levels (MKi67+CD8A+) in the TME both between and within patients for the purpose of informing clinical trial design and analysis. Methods: We compared levels of FoxP3+ and MKi67+CD8+ cell densities (counts/mm Results: Prior cancer treatment with hormone therapy or chemotherapy that induces immunogenic cell death may alter the TME. Archival tissue is an unreliable substitute for fresh tissue for determining baseline TIL levels. Baseline and on treatment biopsies should be matched by lesion type to avoid bias.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.