ReviewEndocrine reviews2022
The Multifaceted Biology of PCSK9.
Review in Endocrine reviews, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07256197 (Effect and Safety of PCSK9 Inhibitors on the Progression of Mild/Middle Calcific Aortic Stenosis), which is not on this map. Cited by 128 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect and Safety of PCSK9 Inhibitors on the Progression of Mild/Middle Calcific Aortic Stenosis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Who cites it
128 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 206 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of combining PCSK9 inhibitors with statins on major adverse cardiovascular events and lipid levels in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Tafolecimab mitigates ox-LDL-induced macrophage foam cell formation and inflammation by modulating SR-A/ABCG1 expression and inhibiting the NF-κB/MAPK pathways.Biomedical reports · 2026Article
- Restores Aβ Clearance by Overcoming PCSK9-LRP1 Dysregulation and TRIB3-Mediated Autophagy Blockade in Alzheimer's Disease.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Signal Detection of Adverse Events Associated with PCSK9 Inhibitors: A Nationwide Sequence Symmetry and Combined Worldwide Disproportionality Analysis.Drug safety · 2026Article
- Is FH a curable disease?Global cardiology science & practice · 2026Article
- Precision Lipid Management in the Era of Biotechnology and Artificial Intelligence: From Gene Editing to Smart Drug Delivery.Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science · 2026Review
- Structure-guided design of a PCSK9 epitope vaccine with efficacy against hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.Life metabolism · 2026Article
- The Impact of PCSK9 Inhibitors on Circulatory Inflammation: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Application Prospects.JACC. Asia · 2026Review
- Tumor-derived PCSK9-enriched exosomes reprogram adipocytes to drive metabolic dysregulation and immune evasion in triple-negative breast cancer.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Review: natural compounds as PCSK9 inhibitors for antiviral therapy.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Review: natural compounds as PCSK9 inhibitors for antiviral therapy.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- PCSK9 in vascular smooth muscle cells: biology, pathology, and inhibition to fight atherosclerosis.Atherosclerosis plus · 2026Review
- PCSK9 orchestrates the antigen presentation-endothelial barrier axis to potentiate immune exclusion in colorectal cancer.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Article
- Targeting PCSK9, APOB, and CETP at the Transcriptome Level by hsa-miR-30b-3p Reduces LDL-Associated Protein in Huh-7 Cells.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence-driven rational design and optimization of a potent terpenoid-derived PCSK9 inhibitor.Molecular diversity · 2026Article
- Lipid metabolism as a central driver of immune remodeling and therapeutic vulnerability in metastatic colorectal cancer.Lipids in health and disease · 2026Review
- Engineered oncolytic virus armed with anti-PCSK9 scFv boosts long-term CD8Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- ANGPTL3, Apo CIII, Leptin and Triglycerides Are Elevated in Metastatic Prostate Cancer.Cancers · 2026Article
- High levels of serum cholesterol increase the risk of developing vessel co-opting tumors in colorectal cancer liver metastases.The FEBS journal · 2026Article
- PCSK9-mediated degradation of cell-surface LDL receptors impairs human CD8+ T cell effector functions.iScience · 2026Article
68 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
This article reviews the discovery of PCSK9, its structure-function characteristics, and its presently known and proposed novel biological functions. The major critical function of PCSK9 deduced from human and mouse studies, as well as cellular and structural analyses, is its role in increasing the levels of circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (LDLc), via its ability to enhance the sorting and escort of the cell surface LDL receptor (LDLR) to lysosomes. This implicates the binding of the catalytic domain of PCSK9 to the EGF-A domain of the LDLR. This also requires the presence of the C-terminal Cys/His-rich domain, its binding to the secreted cytosolic cyclase associated protein 1, and possibly another membrane-bound "protein X". Curiously, in PCSK9-deficient mice, an alternative to the downregulation of the surface levels of the LDLR by PCSK9 is taking place in the liver of female mice in a 17β-estradiol-dependent manner by still an unknown mechanism. Recent studies have extended our understanding of the biological functions of PCSK9, namely its implication in septic shock, vascular inflammation, viral infections (Dengue; SARS-CoV-2) or immune checkpoint modulation in cancer via the regulation of the cell surface levels of the T-cell receptor and MHC-I, which govern the antitumoral activity of CD8+ T cells. Because PCSK9 inhibition may be advantageous in these processes, the availability of injectable safe PCSK9 inhibitors that reduces by 50% to 60% LDLc above the effect of statins is highly valuable. Indeed, injectable PCSK9 monoclonal antibody or small interfering RNA could be added to current immunotherapies in cancer/metastasis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.