Trial reportSleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung2023
Efficacy of atomoxetine plus oxybutynin in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea with moderate pharyngeal collapsibility.
Trial report in Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 23 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Phase 2, Randomized, 3-Period, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety in Obstructive Sleep Apnea of AD036 Versus Placebo or Atomoxetine
Comparative Effectiveness of Positive Airway Pressure Therapy, Dental Device, and Atomoxetine-Oxybutynin for Sleep Apnea: the ADAPT-OSA Study
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Are noradrenergics combined with antimuscarinics the future pharmacologic treatment for obstructive sleep apnea? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors combined with antimuscarinic agents vs monotherapy for OSA: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2024Pooled it
- The Hypoxic Burden, Clinical Implication of a New Biomarker in the Cardiovascular Management of Sleep Apnea Patients: A Systematic Review.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Pharmacological treatment for obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of the Combination of Pimavanserin and Atomoxetine on OSA Severity: A Randomized Crossover Trial.Chest · 2025Trial
- The Combination of Aroxybutynin and Atomoxetine in the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (MARIPOSA): A Randomized Controlled Trial.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2023Trial
- The combination of atomoxetine and oxybutynin for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in children with Down syndrome.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2023Trial
- Targeting Hypoglossal Neurobiology in the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: The Emergence of Aroxybutynin-Atomoxetine (AD109).Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders: A Comprehensive Review of Surgical Innovations and Evolving Technologies.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Obstructive Sleep Apneas and Cardiovascular Diseases.Clocks & sleep · 2026Review
- Review
- Diagnosis and Management of Overlap Syndrome (COPD-OSA): Evidence, Challenges and Prospects.Nature and science of sleep · 2026Review
- Cholinergic modulation of upper airway control: maturational changes and mechanisms at cellular and synaptic levels.Journal of neurophysiology · 2025Review
- Nocturia and obstructive sleep apnoea.Nature reviews. Urology · 2024Review
- Reply to: Combination of Aroxybutynin and Atomoxetine in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Is the Effect One Plus One Greater Than Two?American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2024Article
- Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- A Narrative Review of the Clinical Trials in Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders from 2022 to Present.Thoracic research and practice · 2023Article
- Systematic analysis of various RNA transcripts and construction of biological regulatory networks at the post-transcriptional level for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Article
- A muscarinic, GIRK channel-mediated inhibition of inspiratory-related XII nerve motor output emerges in early postnatal development in mice.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposePreliminary studies have shown a significant decrease in severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with the use of a combination of atomoxetine and oxybutynin, with patients having moderate pharyngeal collapsibility during sleep more likely to respond. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of AD036 (atomoxetine 80 mg and oxybutynin 5 mg) in the treatment of OSA.
methodsThis trial was a phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study comparing AD036, atomoxetine 80 mg alone, and placebo during three home sleep studies, each separated by about 1 week. The trial included patients with OSA and moderate pharyngeal collapsibility as defined by a higher proportion of hypopneas to apneas and mild oxygen desaturation.
resultsOf 62 patients who were randomized, 60 were included in efficacy analyses. The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) from a median (interquartile range) of 14.2 (5.4 to 22.3) events/h on placebo to 6.2 (2.8 to 13.6) with AD036 and 4.8 (1.4 to 11.6) with atomoxetine alone (p < .0001). Both drugs also decreased the oxygen desaturation index (ODI) and the hypoxic burden (p < .0001). AD036, but not atomoxetine alone, reduced the respiratory arousal index and improved ventilation at the respiratory arousal threshold (greater V
conclusionAD036 significantly improved OSA severity in patients with moderate pharyngeal collapsibility. Atomoxetine may account for the majority of improvement in OSA severity, while the addition of oxybutynin may mitigate the disruptive effect of atomoxetine on sleep and further improve ventilation.
trial registrationClinical trial registered with www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov (NCT04445688).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.