ArticleMolecular medicine reports2022
Immature granulocytes: Innovative biomarker for SARS‑CoV‑2 infection.
Article in Molecular medicine reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of the Delta Neutrophil Index in Determining the Severity of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy.Saudi medical journal · 2026Article
- The silent epidemic within the pandemic: pathophysiology and prediction of post-COVID-19 diabetes.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Neutrophil Dynamics in Viral Infections: Drivers of Inflammation and Targets for Pro-Resolving Therapies.Journal of innate immunity · 2026Review
- Leukocyte concentrations of inpatients with anorexia nervosa.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Article
- The Role of Immature Granulocytes in Fibromyalgia: An Indicator of Subclinical Inflammation?Biomedicines · 2025Article
- The impact of immature granulocytes on the outcome of patients with decompensated cirrhosis.European journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Role of immature granulocytes in monitoring sepsis treatment.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Observational
- Article
- Diagnostic potential of extended inflammation parameters for sepsis identification: a retrospective case-control study.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Delta neutrophil index (DNI) as a potential biomarker for fetal growth restriction: insights from maternal hematological changes and neonatal outcomes.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- The parallel lives of pandemics: COVID‑19 and obesity.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2024Article
- A mid‑pandemic night's dream: Melatonin, from harbinger of anti‑inflammation to mitochondrial savior in acute and long COVID‑19 (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Temporal trends in laboratory parameters in survivors and non‑survivors of critical COVID‑19 illness and the effect of dexamethasone treatment.Biomedical reports · 2024Article
- Risk factors for the in‑hospital and 1‑year mortality of elderly patients hospitalized due to COVID‑19‑related pneumonia.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2024Article
- Role of stress in the pathogenesis of cancer (Review).International journal of oncology · 2023Review
- Implications of obesity and adiposopathy on respiratory infections; focus on emerging challenges.World journal of clinical cases · 2023Review
- COVID-19 and liver injury in individuals with obesity.World journal of gastroenterology · 2023Review
- Factors predicting poor outcomes of patients treated with tocilizumab for COVID‑19‑associated pneumonia: A retrospective study.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2022Article
- Onodera's prognostic nutritional index: Comparison of its role in the severity and outcomes of patients with COVID‑19 during the periods of alpha, delta and omicron variant predominance.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immature granulocytes (IGs) include metamyelocytes, myelocytes and promyelocytes, and are the precursors of neutrophils. Increased IG counts found in peripheral blood indicate an enhanced bone marrow activity. In addition, IGs have been evaluated in numerous clinical conditions, such as severe acute pancreatitis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and infectious complications following open‑heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. Neutrophils are considered to play a crucial role in the host defense during bacterial and fungal infections, and are involved in the antiviral immune response. Numerous studies have reported the role of neutrophils in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) infection, concluding that the percentage of neutrophils may be a predictor of the severity of COVID‑19 infection. There has been limited research regarding the role of neutrophil precursors in viral infections, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. The present thus aimed to evaluate the role of the IG count in patients hospitalized due to COVID‑19 infection. The patients were predominantly infected with the alpha variant and were all unvaccinated. The IG count was measured and was found to be associated with disease severity, with patient outcomes, with the duration of hospitalization and with the development of complications. The IG count was a significantly associated with the severity of COVID‑19 infection, with greater IG count values being detected in severe and critical cases. In addition, greater IG count values were associated with a longer duration of hospitalization. Furthermore, the IG count was found to be an independent prognostic biomarker of intubation and mortality in patients with COVID‑19, according to multivariate logistic regression analysis, including age, the male sex and the presence of comorbidities as confounders.
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