ReviewPLoS pathogens2022
Preclinical and clinical developments for combination treatment of influenza.
Review in PLoS pathogens, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Baloxavir Marboxil Plus Neuraminidase Inhibitor vs Neuraminidase Inhibitor in High-risk Patients Hospitalized With Severe Influenza: A Post Hoc Analysis of the Flagstone Trial.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- Article
- Antiviral Resistance in Influenza: Clinical and Public Health Implications.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Review
- The oral nucleoside analogue inhibitor VV251 effectively inhibits coinfection by respiratory syncytial virus and influenza A virus.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Impaired host shutoff is a fitness cost associated with baloxavir marboxil resistance mutations in influenza A virus PA/PA-X nuclease domain.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Dynamic regulatory mechanism of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase-mediated antiviral response in RNA virus infections.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- From neuraminidase inhibitors to novel mechanisms: expanding therapeutic strategies against influenza.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- A primary oseltamivir-resistant mutation in influenza hemagglutinin and its implications for antiviral resistance surveillance.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Chinese Medicine Strategies for Influenza A: Research Progress and Prospects.Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2025Review
- An intranasally administered IgM protects against antigenically distinct subtypes of influenza A viruses.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Host-directed therapy for tuberculosis.European journal of medical research · 2025Review
- Baloxavir improves disease outcomes in mice after intranasal or ocular infection with Influenza A virus H5N1-contaminated cow's milk.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Antiviral strategies against influenza virus: an update on approved and innovative therapeutic approaches.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Review
- Post-influenza bacterial infection: mechanisms of pathogenesis and advances in therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Jing-Yin-Gu-Biao formula protects mice from postinfluenzaFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Shu-Feng-Jie-Biao Formula Ameliorates Influenza A Virus-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Inhibiting NF-κB and ERK MAPK Signaling Pathways.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Influenza B Virus Vaccine Innovation through Computational Design.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Bioinformatics analysis identifies a key gene HLA_DPA1 in severe influenza-associated immune infiltration.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- Article
- Study on the clinical efficacy and safety of baloxavir marboxil tablets in the treatment of influenza A.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antiviral drugs are an important measure of control for influenza in the population, particularly for those that are severely ill or hospitalised. The neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) class of drugs, including oseltamivir, have been the standard of care (SOC) for severe influenza illness for many years. The approval of drugs with novel mechanisms of action, such as baloxavir marboxil, is important and broadens potential treatment options for combination therapy. The use of antiviral treatments in combination for influenza is of interest; one potential benefit of this treatment strategy is that the combination of drugs with different mechanisms of action may lower the selection of resistance due to treatment. In addition, combination therapy may become an important treatment option to improve patient outcomes in those with severe illness due to influenza or those that are immunocompromised. Clinical trials increasingly evaluate drug combinations in a range of patient cohorts. Here, we summarise preclinical and clinical advances in combination therapy for the treatment of influenza with reference to immunocompromised animal models and clinical data in hospitalised patient cohorts where available. There is a wide array of drug categories in development that have also been tested in combination. Therefore, in this review, we have included polymerase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), host-targeted therapies, and adjunctive therapies. Combination treatment regimens should be carefully evaluated to determine whether they provide an added benefit relative to effectiveness of monotherapy and in a variety of patient cohorts, particularly, if there is a greater chance of an adverse outcome. Safe and effective treatment of influenza is important not only for seasonal influenza infection, but also if a pandemic strain was to emerge.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.