Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35550683›Full record

ArticleJournal of the American College of Cardiology2022

Distribution of Coronary Artery Calcium by Age, Sex, and Race Among Patients 30-45 Years Old.

Aamir Javaid, Zeina A Dardari, Joshua D Mitchell, Seamus P Whelton, Omar Dzaye, Joao A C Lima, Donald M Lloyd-Jones, Matthew Budoff, Khurram Nasir, Daniel S Berman and 4 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
45citing papers in PubMed
11.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

45 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.

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  11. Sex-Specific Coronary Artery Calcium Score Threshold Predictive of Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease.Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions · 2026
    Article
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  15. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 9 institutions in 1 country.

Aamir JavaidDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Zeina A DardariJohns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Joshua D MitchellDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
Seamus P WheltonJohns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Omar DzayeJohns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Joao A C LimaDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital and School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Donald M Lloyd-JonesDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Matthew BudoffLundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Khurram NasirDivision of Cardiovascular Prevention and Wellness, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Computational and Precision Health (C3-PH) and Center for Outcomes Research, Houston Methodist, Houston, Texas, USA.
Daniel S BermanCedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
John RumbergerPrinceton Longevity Center, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
Michael D MiedemaMinneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Todd C VillinesDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Michael J BlahaJohns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Electronic address: mblaha1@jhmi.edu.
Johns Hopkins University · USUniversity of Virginia · USCedars-Sinai Medical Center · USHarbor–UCLA Medical Center · USHouston Methodist · USMinneapolis Heart Institute Foundation · USNorthwestern University · USPrinceton University · USWashington University in St. Louis · US

Funding

NHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201300027CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201800003INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201800004INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201800005INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201800006INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201800007INHLBI NIH HHS L30 HL110027
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCoronary artery calcium (CAC) is a measure of atherosclerotic burden and is well-validated for risk stratification in middle- to older-aged adults. Few studies have investigated CAC in younger adults, and there is no calculator for determining age-, sex-, and race-based percentiles among individuals aged <45 years.

objectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the probability of CAC >0 and develop age-sex-race percentiles for U.S. adults aged 30-45 years.

methodsWe harmonized 3 datasets-CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults), the CAC Consortium, and the Walter Reed Cohort-to study CAC in 19,725 asymptomatic Black and White individuals aged 30-45 years without known atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. After weighting each cohort equally, the probability of CAC >0 and age-sex-race percentiles of CAC distributions were estimated using nonparametric techniques.

resultsThe prevalence of CAC >0 was 26% among White males, 16% among Black males, 10% among White females, and 7% among Black females. CAC >0 automatically placed all females at >90th percentile. CAC >0 placed White males at the 90th percentile at age 34 years compared with Black males at age 37 years. An interactive webpage allows one to enter an age, sex, race, and CAC score to obtain the corresponding estimated percentile.

conclusionsIn a large cohort of U.S. adults aged 30-45 years without symptomatic atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, the probability of CAC >0 varied by age, sex, and race. Estimated percentiles may help interpretation of CAC scores among young adults relative to their age-sex-race matched peers and can henceforth be included in CAC score reporting.

Indexed as

AtherosclerosisCardiovascular DiseasesCoronary Artery DiseaseVascular CalcificationAdultCalciumCoronary VesselsFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsYoung AdultCalciumcardiovascular diseasescardiovascular riskcoronary artery calciumcoronary artery diseasemultidetector computed tomographypercentilespremature atherosclerosisprimary preventionyoung adults

Identifiers

PMID35550683
PMCPMC9179003
OpenAlexW4229454136

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.