ArticleMMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report2022
Vital Signs: Changes in Firearm Homicide and Suicide Rates - United States, 2019-2020.
Article in MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 107 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
107 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Homicide Offender Motive Scale (HOMS): A classification system for homicide motives based on a qualitative systematic review.Journal of forensic sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Antibiotic prophylaxis in penetrating traumatic brain injury: analysis of a single-center series and systematic review of the literature.Acta neurochirurgica · 2023Pooled it
- Article
- How Do States Regulate the Intersection of Alcohol and Firearms? A 50-State Assessment of Alcohol-Related Firearm Laws, 2010-2023.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- State-Level Minimum Wage and Firearm Deaths Among Black Youth and Young Adults in the United States, 2000 to 2020.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2026Article
- The Peacemaker Fellowship and Urban Gun Violence in Richmond, California.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- State Gun Laws and County-Level Firearm-Related Suicide Rates.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Public support for gun restrictions in public places that serve alcohol: the cost of enforcement matters.Health affairs scholar · 2026Article
- Health Insurance Instability Following Firearm Injury: A Matched Cohort Study.Annals of surgery · 2026Article
- Disrupting Racial Dehumanization As a Root Cause of Youth Violence Through Community Engaged Visual Storytelling and Narrative Change.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2026Article
- Trends in fatal and non-fatal injuries in the United States: analyzing incidence and costs from 2015 to 2022.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Race/ethnicity on firearm & self-injuries during COVID-19 using TQIP data.Surgery open science · 2026Article
- Suicide Risk in 8- to 12-Year-Old Children: Retrospective Review of Emergency Department Electronic Health Records.JAACAP open · 2026Article
- Aggression and attitudes toward firearm violence among high-risk youth: the moderating influence of psychological distress.Health & justice · 2026Article
- Extreme Risk Protection Orders and Firearm and Nonfirearm Suicides in the US.JAMA health forum · 2026Article
- Effects of the Communities that Care (CTC) Prevention System on Youth Violence Outcomes in Two Violence-Impacted Denver Communities.American journal of criminal justice : AJCJ · 2026Article
- The neural impacts of gun violence exposure on adult attentional mechanisms: an EEG pilot study.Cogent mental health · 2026Article
- Article
- Firearm Violence and Health in Policymaker Discourse: Mixed Methods Social Media Analysis.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- Article
47 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe majority of homicides (79%) and suicides (53%) in the United States involved a firearm in 2020. High firearm homicide and suicide rates and corresponding inequities by race and ethnicity and poverty level represent important public health concerns. This study examined changes in firearm homicide and firearm suicide rates coinciding with the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.
methodsNational vital statistics and population data were integrated with urbanization and poverty measures at the county level. Population-based firearm homicide and suicide rates were examined by age, sex, race and ethnicity, geographic area, level of urbanization, and level of poverty.
resultsFrom 2019 to 2020, the overall firearm homicide rate increased 34.6%, from 4.6 to 6.1 per 100,000 persons. The largest increases occurred among non-Hispanic Black or African American males aged 10-44 years and non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) males aged 25-44 years. Rates of firearm homicide were lowest and increased least at the lowest poverty level and were higher and showed larger increases at higher poverty levels. The overall firearm suicide rate remained relatively unchanged from 2019 to 2020 (7.9 to 8.1); however, in some populations, including AI/AN males aged 10-44 years, rates did increase. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the firearm homicide rate in the United States reached its highest level since 1994, with substantial increases among several population subgroups. These increases have widened disparities in rates by race and ethnicity and poverty level. Several increases in firearm suicide rates were also observed. Implementation of comprehensive strategies employing proven approaches that address underlying economic, physical, and social conditions contributing to the risks for violence and suicide is urgently needed to reduce these rates and disparities.
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