ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2022
Factors influencing maternal microchimerism throughout infancy and its impact on infant T cell immunity.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific CFP-10/ESAT-6 CD4 and CD8 T-Cell Non-IFN-γ+ Responses Are Common in Young Kenyan Children Despite Low Reported Tuberculosis Exposure.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Maternal microchimerism at birth associates with reduced odds of non-malarial fever and respiratory tract infections in Tanzanian children.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Prenatal maternal infection promotes maternal microchimeric cells to alter infection risk in male offspring.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Identifying Key Questions and Challenges in Microchimerism Biology.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Infant CD4 T-Cell Response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination Is Restricted in Cytokine Production and Modified by Vaccine Manufacturer.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Chimerism and immunological tolerance in solid organ transplantation.Seminars in immunopathology · 2025Review
- Exposure to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Is Associated With Altered Composition of Maternal Microchimeric T Cells in Infants.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Immune response in breastmilk of Black women to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination against COVID-19.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Maternal immune activation does not affect maternal microchimeric cells.Biology open · 2024Article
- Deciphering the Role of Maternal Microchimerism in Offspring Autoimmunity: A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- Human breastmilk memory T cells throughout lactation manifest activated tissue-oriented profile with prominent regulation.JCI insight · 2024Article
- The mark of success: The role of vaccine-induced skin scar formation for BCG and smallpox vaccine-associated clinical benefits.Seminars in immunopathology · 2024Review
- From Womb to World: Exploring the Immunological Connections between Mother and Child.ImmunoHorizons · 2024Review
- Prenatal Maternal Immunization for Infant Protection: A Review of the Vaccines Recommended, Infant Immunity and Future Research Directions.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Quantification of Female Chimeric Cells in the Tonsils of Male Children and Their Determinants.Cells · 2023Article
- Spike-specific T cells are enriched in breastmilk following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination.Mucosal immunology · 2023Article
- Review
- Development and comparison of immunologic assays to detect primary RSV infections in infants.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Maternal vaccination: shaping the neonatal response to pertussis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Postnatal depletion of maternal cells biases T lymphocytes and natural killer cells' profiles toward early activation in the spleen.Biology open · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Determinants of the acquisition and maintenance of maternal microchimerism (MMc) during infancy and the impact of MMc on infant immune responses are unknown. We examined factors that influence MMc detection and level across infancy and the effect of MMc on T cell responses to bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination in a cohort of HIV-exposed, uninfected and HIV-unexposed infants in South Africa. MMc was measured in whole blood from 58 infants using a panel of quantitative PCR assays at day 1, and 7, 15, and 36 weeks of life. Infants received BCG at birth, and selected whole blood samples from infancy were stimulated in vitro with BCG and assessed for polyfunctional CD4+ T cell responses. MMc was present in most infants across infancy, with levels ranging from 0 to 1,193/100,000 genomic equivalents and was positively impacted by absence of maternal HIV, maternal and infant HLA compatibility, infant female sex, and exclusive breastfeeding. Initiation of maternal antiretroviral therapy prior to pregnancy partially restored MMc level in HIV-exposed, uninfected infants. Birth MMc was associated with an improved polyfunctional CD4+ T cell response to BCG. These data emphasize that both maternal and infant factors influence the level of MMc, which may subsequently affect infant T cell responses.
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