ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2022
Temperament Dimensions and Awakening Cortisol Levels in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cyclothymic-hypersensitive temperament in early adolescence: Longitudinal measurement invariance and associations with psychopathology over time.JCPP advances · 2026Article
- Reactivity and regulation of negative and positive emotions in child- and adolescent diagnostic and trait-level ADHD: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Perceived Stress, Salivary Cortisol, and Temperament Traits among Students of Dental Medicine: A Prospective and Interventional Study.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Brain perivascular spaces and autism: clinical and pathogenic implications from an innovative volumetric MRI study.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Objective: To investigate whether temperament dimensions, Effortful Control (EC), Surgency-Extraversion (SE), and Negative Affectivity (NA), are associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and how they relate to awakening cortisol levels, as a proxy measure of peripheral arousal. Methods: Parent-rated temperament and saliva samples were collected from 55 children with ADHD and 65 age-matched controls. Results: Compared to controls, youths with ADHD showed lower EC, higher NA, and lower awakening cortisol levels but did not differ in SE. Similar findings emerged in dimensional analyses linking temperament traits to inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms. The results remained unchanged when controlling for the presence of co-occurring opposition-defiance and anxiety traits, as well as medication status. Temperament dimensions were not associated with cortisol levels. Conclusions: Poor temperamental emotional and cognitive self-regulation showed significant associations with ADHD but did not appear to be linked to the under-arousal typically seen in ADHD.
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