ArticleCellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS2022
Alternative translation and retrotranslocation of cytosolic C3 that detects cytoinvasive bacteria.
Article in Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in Complement Research: from Pathophysiology to Precision Medicine.Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- Intracellular C3 regulates the immune response to infection via NF-κB signaling.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Article
- Inside job: Roles of intracellular C3.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2025Review
- Complement C3 Activation in the Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- The secret life of complement: challenges and opportunities in exploring functions of the complosome in disease.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Review
- Resistance to complement-mediated lysis of parainfluenza virus 5-infected cells is acquired after transition from acute to persistent infection.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Complement and T cell activation in transplantation.Transplantation reviews (Orlando, Fla.) · 2025Review
- The complement system in human pregnancy and preeclampsia.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Local complement activation and modulation in mucosal immunity.Mucosal immunology · 2024Review
- Double-Edged Sword: Exploring the Mitochondria-Complement Bidirectional Connection in Cellular Response and Disease.Biology · 2024Review
- The Role of Complement Component C3 in Protection AgainstDNA and cell biology · 2024Review
- Intracellular C3 protects β-cells from IL-1β-driven cytotoxicity via interaction with Fyn-related kinase.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- A guide to complement biology, pathology and therapeutic opportunity.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- The complement system in neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Review
- Complement, complosome, and complotype: A perspective.European journal of immunology · 2023Review
- Complosome - the intracellular complement system.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2023Review
- C3-dependent effector functions of complement.Immunological reviews · 2023Review
- Intracellular complement: Evidence, definitions, controversies, and solutions.Immunological reviews · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Complement C3 was originally regarded as a serum effector protein, although recent data has emerged suggesting that intracellular C3 can also regulate basic cellular processes. Despite the growing interest in intracellular C3 functions, the mechanism behind its generation has not been demonstrated. In this study we show that C3 can be expressed from an alternative translational start site, resulting in C3 lacking the signal peptide, which is therefore translated in the cytosol. In contrast to the secreted form, alternatively translated cytosolic C3 is not glycosylated, is present mainly in a reduced state, and is turned over by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. C3 can also be retrotranslocated from the endoplasmic reticulum into the cytosol, structurally resembling secreted C3. Finally, we demonstrate that intracellular cytosolic C3 can opsonize invasive Staphylococcus aureus within epithelial cell, slowing vacuolar escape as well as impacting bacterial survival on subsequent exposure to phagocytes. Our work therefore reveals the existence and origin of intracellular, cytosolic C3, and demonstrates functions for cytosolic C3 in intracellular detection of cytoinvasive pathogens.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.