ArticleNature communications2022
Off-the-shelf CAR natural killer cells secreting IL-15 target spike in treating COVID-19.
Article in Nature communications, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Next-generation natural killer cell therapy: bench to bedside and beyond.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- CD4 T-cell platform for delivering interferons as an antiviral countermeasure with a focus on SARS-CoV-2.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Beyond CAR-T and oncology: broadening chimeric antigen receptor technologies across cell types and diseases.Precision clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Functional genomics-guided design of CAR-T and CAR-NK therapies in hematological malignancies: aligning cellular engineering with immune escape and microenvironmental resistance.Frontiers in genome editing · 2026Review
- Mapping NK cell diversity in response to COVID-19 and mRNA vaccination.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Loss of YTHDF2 enhances Th9 programming and CAR-Th9 cell antitumor efficacy.Nature immunology · 2025Article
- Natural killer cell-based immunotherapy for cancer.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Review
- Emerging combined CAR-NK cell therapies in cancer treatment: Finding a dancing partner.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Review
- Diverse potential of chimeric antigen receptor-engineered cell therapy: Beyond cancer.Clinical and translational medicine · 2025Review
- The role of γδ T cells in flavivirus infections: Insights into immune defense and therapeutic opportunities.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Review
- From natural defenders to therapeutic warriors: NK cells in HIV immunotherapy.Immunotherapy · 2025Review
- In Silico Design of miniACE2 Decoys with In Vitro Enhanced Neutralization Activity against SARS-CoV-2, EncompassingInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Harnessing the Power of NK Cell Receptor Engineering as a New Prospect in Cancer Immunotherapy.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Emerging roles of CAR-NK cell therapies in tumor immunotherapy: current status and future directions.Cell death discovery · 2024Review
- Human anti-PSCA CAR macrophages possess potent antitumor activity against pancreatic cancer.Cell stem cell · 2024Article
- Preclinical Evaluation of Off-The-Shelf PD-L1+ Human Natural Killer Cells Secreting IL15 to Treat Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Cancer immunology research · 2024Article
- Article
- Development of NK cell-based cancer immunotherapies through receptor engineering.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2024Review
- Review
- Empowering gene delivery with protein engineering platforms.Gene therapy · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Engineered natural killer (NK) cells represent a promising option for immune therapy option due to their immediate availability in allogeneic settings. Severe acute diseases, such as COVID-19, require targeted and immediate intervention. Here we show engineering of NK cells to express (1) soluble interleukin-15 (sIL15) for enhancing their survival and (2) a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) consisting of an extracellular domain of ACE2, targeting the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. These CAR NK cells (mACE2-CAR_sIL15 NK cells) bind to VSV-SARS-CoV-2 chimeric viral particles as well as the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein subunit S1 leading to enhanced NK cell production of TNF-α and IFN-γ and increased in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity against cells expressing the spike protein. Administration of mACE2-CAR_sIL15 NK cells maintains body weight, reduces viral load, and prolongs survival of transgenic mice expressing human ACE2 upon infection with live SARS-CoV-2. These experiments, and the capacity of mACE2-CAR_sIL15 NK cells to retain their activity following cryopreservation, demonstrate their potential as an allogeneic off-the-shelf therapy for COVID-19 patients who are faced with limited treatment options.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.