ReviewImmunity2022
Immunological defense of CNS barriers against infections.
Review in Immunity, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Harnessing Natural Killer Cells: From Neuroimmunology to Novel Therapies for Central Nervous System Diseases.MedComm · 2026Review
- Immune Evasion by Neurotropic Viruses: Molecular Strategies, Cellular Targets, and Consequences for CNS Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Human neutrophilic cells express anti-inflammatory EBI3 in response to Neisseria meningitidis.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2026Article
- Arboviral infections of the central nervous system: Mechanisms of invasion and long-term consequences.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Review
- Antigen presentation at the brain barriers in multiple sclerosis.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of inflammatory response in secondary brain injury: a review of computational approaches, challenges, and future directions.Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology · 2026Review
- Intranasal Delivery of Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles Enables RNA Cargo Entry Into the Brain.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Interplay of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in alzheimer's: insights into age-driven pathogenesis.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Barrier-Immune Gating Failure in Gut-Brain Neuroinflammation: A Working Hypothesis and Conceptual Framework.Behavioural neurology · 2026Review
- Stromal Cell-Mast Cell Communication Orchestrates Anti-Viral Immunity in the Meninges.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of cerebrospinal fluid reveals immune-cell heterogeneity and multicompartment MIF/CD74-related communication in tuberculous and purulent meningitis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Potential mechanisms linking bacterial factors to the development and progression of multiple sclerosis.Infectious medicine · 2025Review
- Metabolic reprogramming in ischemic stroke: when glycolytic overdrive meets lipid storm.Cell death & disease · 2025Review
- A survey of SARS-CoV-2 tropism.Infectious diseases & immunity · 2025Review
- Oncolytic virus-mediated immunomodulation in glioblastoma: Insights from clinical trials and challenges.Seminars in immunology · 2025Review
- Neurovirulent Pathogens Across the Human Lifespan: A Balancing Act.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Association of Traumatic Meningeal Enhancement on MRI With Clinical Recovery in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury.Neurology · 2025Observational
- Transcriptomic analysis of coxsackievirus B3 infection in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived brain-like endothelial cells.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Neurovirulent Pathogens Across the Human Lifespan: A Balancing Act.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2025Article
- Ocular-cerebral immune dialogue: a new perspective and therapeutic potential of regional lymphatic systems.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Neuroanatomical barriers with physical, chemical, and immunological properties play an essential role in preventing the spread of peripheral infections into the CNS. A failure to contain pathogens within these barriers can result in very serious CNS diseases. CNS barriers are inhabited by an elaborate conglomerate of innate and adaptive immune cells that are highly responsive to environmental challenges. The CNS and its barriers can also be protected by memory T and B cells elicited by prior infection or vaccination. Here, we discuss the different CNS barriers from a developmental, anatomical, and immunological standpoint and summarize our current understanding of how memory cells protect the CNS compartment. We then discuss a contemporary challenge to CNS-barrier system (SARS-CoV-2 infection) and highlight approaches to promote immunological protection of the CNS via vaccination.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.