ReviewImmunity2022
Mucosal immune responses to infection and vaccination in the respiratory tract.
Review in Immunity, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 182 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
182 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Probiotic modulation of gut microbiota with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis XLTG11 and Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8661 mitigates recurrent respiratory infections in children: a randomised-controlled trial.European journal of nutrition · 2026Trial
- Upper respiratory tract CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells protect against viral transmission.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Respiratory mucosal immunity: Biological functions, diseases, prevention and therapy.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- The role of the respiratory microbiome in acute and chronic respiratory diseases.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Bone marrow kinase X-linked in pulmonary diseases: pathogenic gene, diagnostic biomarker, and treatment target-a narrative review.Translational pediatrics · 2026Review
- Delayed antiviral immune response in alveolar type 2 cells increases susceptibility to influenza virus in alveoli.Chinese medical journal · 2026Article
- Mucosal immunity: mechanism and application in cancer immunotherapy.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Intranasal vaccines by precision printing.Nature materials · 2026Article
- Review
- Respiratory mucosal vaccines for emerging viruses: promise and challenges.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Adjuvanted mucosal vaccination enhances protection and prevents influenza virus transmission in the guinea pig model.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Human lungs maintain tissue-resident memory T cells against a broad spectrum of pathogens.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Sex-specific in utero reprogramming of lung immunity.Mucosal immunology · 2026Article
- Ranalexin-1G: A Promising Antimicrobial Peptide Targeting Virulence and Host-Pathogen Interactions inAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Review
- Pulmonary Drug Delivery in the Era of Nanomedicine: From Biological Barriers to Artificial Intelligence-Driven Optimization.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Pulmonary mRNA-LNP vaccines for rapid and durable protection against bacterial infection.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Harnessing mucosal immunity for protective vaccines.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Distinct Functional Signatures of Human Olfactory and Respiratory Mucus Revealed by Proteomics Combined With Machine Learning.Proteomics. Clinical applications · 2026Article
122 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The lungs are constantly exposed to inhaled debris, allergens, pollutants, commensal or pathogenic microorganisms, and respiratory viruses. As a result, innate and adaptive immune responses in the respiratory tract are tightly regulated and are in continual flux between states of enhanced pathogen clearance, immune-modulation, and tissue repair. New single-cell-sequencing techniques are expanding our knowledge of airway cellular complexity and the nuanced connections between structural and immune cell compartments. Understanding these varied interactions is critical in treatment of human pulmonary disease and infections and in next-generation vaccine design. Here, we review the innate and adaptive immune responses in the lung and airways following infection and vaccination, with particular focus on influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has put pulmonary research firmly into the global spotlight, challenging previously held notions of respiratory immunity and helping identify new populations at high risk for respiratory distress.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.