ArticleJAMA network open2022
Assessment of Latent Subgroups With Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behavior Among Gun Owners and Non-Gun Owners in the US.
Article in JAMA network open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Firearm Access Screening in Mental Healthcare: An Exploratory Study of the Role of Provider and Client Characteristics.Journal of clinical psychology · 2026Article
- The Chinese version of the Self-Injurious thoughts and behaviors Interview-Revised (C-SITBI-R): assessing NSSI and suicidal behaviors among adolescents in clinical settings.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Firearm Storage and the Perceived Risks and Value of Firearms: Differences Among Firearm Owners and Nonfirearm Owners With and Without a History of Suicidal Ideation.Suicide & life-threatening behavior · 2025Article
- Predictors of recent mental health service utilization among firearm-owning US service members with high levels of psychological distress.Suicide & life-threatening behavior · 2025Article
- Screening for Patient Firearm Access Among Mental Health Care Clinicians.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Heterogeneity in momentary affective experiences related to suicidal urges in a non-clinical sample of adult handgun owners and non-owners recruited from the community.Journal of affective disorders · 2025Article
- Specific effects of distinct types of adverse childhood experiences on the co-occurrence of non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal behaviors among Chinese adolescents: a latent class analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Suicidal thoughts and behaviors among gender and sexual minorities: Adults ages 18-24 show highest rates of past month suicidal thoughts.Suicide & life-threatening behavior · 2024Article
- Heightened threat perceptions and reduced stability in anxiety and fear among U.S. adults who carry handguns.Journal of anxiety disorders · 2023Article
- Firearm Availability Reduces the Stability of Suicidal Ideation: Results from an Ecological Momentary Assessment Study.Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide ResearchArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Importance: Firearm ownership is associated with increased risk for suicide. Objective: To examine patterns of associations among suicidal thoughts and behaviors among gun owners and non-gun owners in the US. Design, Setting, and Participants: In this survey study, cross-sectional online survey data were collected from March to April 2020 from US adults recruited via Qualtrics Panels. Quota sampling was used to approximate US census demographics. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcomes were past-year passive suicidal ideation, active suicidal ideation, suicidal planning, suicidal behaviors, and nonsuicidal self-injury as measured by items from the Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview-Revised (SITBI-R). Simple latent class analysis (LCA) was used to assign participants to separate classes based on posterior probabilities, and multigroup LCA was used to assess whether the same construct was measured in specified groups. Results: Of 65 079 adults invited to participate, 10 625 (16.3%) completed the survey; 9153 responded "yes" or "no" to the firearm ownership item and were included in the analysis. Of these 9153 respondents (4695 [51.3%] male; mean [SD] age, 46.7 [16.8] years), 2773 (30.3%) reported owning a gun and 6380 (69.7%) reported not owning a gun. Compared with non-gun owners, gun owners were more likely to be male (1779 [64.2%] vs 2916 [45.7%]; χ21, 263.3; P < .001) and White (2090 [75.4%] vs 3945 [61.8%]; χ25, 232.9; P < .001) and to have served in the military (772 [27.8%] vs 609 [9.5%]; χ21, 571.4; P < .001). Five distinct patterns of SITBI-R item endorsement were extracted using simple LCA. Multigroup LCA indicated that the probability of SITBI-R item endorsement differed between gun owners and non-gun owners across subgroups. Among gun owners, the probability of past-month nonfatal suicide attempts was highest in class 4 (ranging from 16.8% for reaching out for help to 27.2% for starting, then changing one's mind). Gun owners in class 4 were characterized by high probabilities of endorsing thoughts about specific ways or methods to attempt suicide (100%) and preparatory behavior (100%). Among non-gun owners, the probability of nonfatal suicide attempts was highest in class 5 (ranging from 14.9% for reaching out for help to 29.7% for starting, then changing one's mind). Non-gun owners in class 5 were characterized by high probabilities of endorsing passive suicidal ideation (84.0%-100%), active suicidal ideation (86.7%-95.0%), and thoughts about specific ways or methods to attempt suicide (97.4%) and a specific place (92.1%) to attempt suicide. Conclusions and Relevance: In this study, in subgroups with lower probabilities of suicide attempt, gun owners and non-gun owners showed similar patterns of suicide risk item endorsement, but when the probability of a suicide attempt increased, gun owners were less likely than non-gun owners to endorse passive and active suicidal ideation. These findings suggest that assessing a broader range of suicide risk indicators may improve risk detection.
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