Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35543409›Full record

ArticleEpidemiology and infection2022

Comorbid conditions as risk factors for West Nile neuroinvasive disease in Ontario, Canada: a population-based cohort study.

Jessica Sutinen, Deshayne B Fell, Beate Sander, Manisha A Kulkarni

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Epidemiology and infection, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.2field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. West Nile Morbidity and Mortality in a Mid-Atlantic Health Care System, 2013-2024.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Emerging West Nile virus infections in Türkiye.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Jessica SutinenSchool of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Deshayne B FellSchool of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Beate SanderICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Manisha A KulkarniSchool of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-5084-4960
University of Ottawa · CAUniversity Health Network · CA

Funding

CIHR
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND) is a severe neurological illness that can result from West Nile virus (WNV) infection, with long-term disability and death being common outcomes. Although WNV arrived in North America over two decades ago, risk factors for WNND are still being explored. The objective of this study was to identify WNND comorbid risk factors in the Ontario population using a retrospective, population-based cohort design. Incident WNV infections from laboratory records between 1 January 2002 - 31 December 2012 were individually-linked to health administrative databases to ascertain WNND outcomes and comorbid risk factors. WNND incidence was compared among individuals with and without comorbidities using risk ratios (RR) calculated with log binomial regression.Three hundred and forty-five individuals developed WNND (18.3%) out of 1884 WNV infections. West Nile encephalitis was driving most associations with comorbidities. Immunocompromised (aRR 2.61 [95% CI 1.23-4.53]) and male sex (aRR 1.32 [95% CI 1.00-1.76]) were risk factors for encephalitis, in addition to age, for which each 1-year increase was associated with a 2% (aRR 1.02 [95% CI 1.02-1.03]) relative increase in risk. Our results suggest that individuals living with comorbidities are at higher risk for WNND, in particular encephalitis, following WNV infection.

Indexed as

West Nile FeverWest Nile virusCohort StudiesHumansMaleOntarioRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsChronic diseasecohort studycomorbidityOntariorisk factorWest Nile neuroinvasive diseaseWest Nile virus

Identifiers

PMID35543409
PMCPMC9171902
OpenAlexW4280541192

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.