Trial reportClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2022
Antibody Response of Heterologous vs Homologous Messenger RNA Vaccine Boosters Against the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron Variant: Interim Results from the PRIBIVAC Study, a Randomized Clinical Trial.
Trial report in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05142319 (Heterologous Prime-boost-boost Vaccine Combinations for Long-term Humoral and Cellular Immunity Against COVID-19), which is not on this map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Heterologous Prime-boost-boost Vaccine Combinations for Long-term Humoral and Cellular Immunity Against COVID-19
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heterologous versus homologous COVID-19 booster vaccinations for adults: systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomised clinical trials.BMC medicine · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccination in older adults.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 vaccines in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- NVX-CoV2372, monovalent mRNA and bivalent mRNA vaccines elicit broadly cross-reactive antibodies against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Trial
- Variant-Specific IgA Protects Against Omicron Infection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- Assessment of safety and intranasal neutralizing antibodies of HPMC-based human anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG1 nasal spray in healthy volunteers.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Article
- Modeling Antibody Kinetics Post-mRNA Booster Vaccination and Protection Durations Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Serological insights from SARS-CoV-2 heterologous prime and boost responses in Thailand.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Correlates of protection and determinants of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections 1 year after third dose vaccination.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Revealing the significance of IL-2 and IL-5 in SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses in kidney transplant recipients.Npj viruses · 2024Article
- Article
- Emerging heterologous mRNA-based booster strategies within the COVID-19 vaccine landscape.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Article
- Real-World Effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Booster in Hemodialysis Patients with COVID-19 Receiving Molnupiravir.Viruses · 2023Article
- Efficient recall of SARS-CoV-2 variant-reactive B cells and T responses in the elderly upon heterologous mRNA vaccines as boosters.Journal of medical virology · 2023Article
- Real-world vaccine effectiveness of mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV-2; a test-negative case-control study in a medium-sized clinic.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
- Immunogenicity and efficacy of fourth BNT162b2 and mRNA1273 COVID-19 vaccine doses; three months follow-up.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Poor vaccine responsiveness towards third-dose mRNA vaccine of COVID-19 in Japanese older people.The Journal of infection · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
26 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWaning antibody levels post-vaccination and the emergence of variants of concern (VOCs) capable of evading protective immunity have raised the need for booster vaccinations. However, which combination of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines offers the strongest immune response against the Omicron variant is unknown.
methodsThis randomized, participant-blinded, controlled trial assessed the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of different COVID-19 vaccine booster combinations. A total of 100 BNT162b2-vaccinated individuals were enrolled and randomized 1:1 to either homologous (BNT162b2 + BNT162b2 + BNT162b2; "BBB") or heterologous messenger RNA (mRNA) (BNT162b2 + BNT162b2 + mRNA-1273; "BBM") booster vaccine. The primary end point was the level of neutralizing antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) wild-type and VOCs at day 28.
resultsA total of 51 participants were allocated to BBB and 49 to BBM; 50 and 48, respectively, were analyzed for safety and immunogenicity outcomes. At day 28 post-boost, mean SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody titers were lower with BBB (22 382 IU/mL; 95% confidence interval [CI], 18 210 to 27 517) vs BBM (29 751 IU/mL; 95% CI, 25 281 to 35 011; P = .034) as was the median level of neutralizing antibodies: BBB 99.0% (interquartile range [IQR], 97.9% to 99.3%) vs BBM 99.3% (IQR, 98.8% to 99.5%; P = .021). On subgroup analysis, significant higher mean spike antibody titer, median surrogate neutralizing antibody level against all VOCs, and live Omicron neutralization titer were observed only in older adults receiving BBM. Both vaccines were well tolerated.
conclusionsHeterologous mRNA-1273 booster vaccination compared with homologous BNT123b2 induced a stronger neutralizing response against the Omicron variant in older individuals. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT05142319.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.