ArticleHealth science reports2022
Socioeconomic status and COVID-19-related cases and fatalities in the world: A cross-sectional ecological study.
Article in Health science reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- An Ecological Study on the Mortality Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic According to Country Development Status and Pandemic Years.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Evaluating the impact of the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem on ecological model inference: A case study of COVID-19 data in Queensland, Australia.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2025Article
- Variability of COVID-19 mortality in Honduras: influence of sociodemographic factors.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Which decisions affect cohort distribution in COVID-19 data analytics?AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium · 2024Article
- The Influence of Socioeconomic and Educational Factors on the Level of Anxiety and Fear of COVID-19.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Influence of socio-economic status on functional recovery after ARDS caused by SARS-CoV-2: the multicentre, observational RECOVIDS study.Intensive care medicine · 2023Article
- Beyond the surface: accounting for confounders in understanding the link between collectivism and COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Intensivist coverage and critically ill COVID-19 patient outcomes: a population-based cohort study.Journal of intensive care · 2023Article
- Clinical characteristics and outcome of Covid-19 illness and predictors of in-hospital mortality in Saudi Arabia.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Socioeconomic status and COVID-19-related cases and fatalities in the world: A cross-sectional ecological study.Health science reports · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and Aims: The COVID-19 pandemic poses an extraordinary threat to global public health. We designed an ecological study to explore the association between socioeconomic factors and the COVID-19 outcomes in 184 countries, using the geographic map and multilevel regression models. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional ecological study in 184 countries. We performed regression analysis to assess the association of various socioeconomic variables with COVID-19 outcomes in 184 countries, using ordinary least squares and multilevel modeling analysis. We performed two-level analyses with countries at Level 1 and geographical regions at Level 2 in multilevel modeling analysis, using the same set of predictor variables used in ordinary least squares. Results: There was a significant relationship between COVID-19 cases rate (Log) per 100,000 inhabitants-day at risk with human development index (HDI), percentage of the urban population, unemployment, and cardiovascular disease prevalence. The results displayed that the variances are varied between Level 1 (country level) and Level 2 (World Health Organization [WHO] regions), meaning that the geographic distribution represented a proportion of the changes in the COVID-19 outcomes. Conclusion: The study suggests that in addition to the socioeconomic status affects the COVID-19 outcomes, countries' geographical location makes a part of changes in outcomes of diseases. Therefore, health policy-makers could overcome morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 by controlling the socioeconomics factors.
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