Surgical Treatment Outcome of de Quervain's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Surgical release of the extensor retinaculum is performed as a treatment for de Quervain's (DQ) disease when conservative treatment fails. In the literature, there is no consensus about the effectiveness of a surgical release in patients with DQ, the complication rate, or which type of incision is superior. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. Methods: A systematic search was performed in Embase, Medline Ovid, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. Articles regarding surgical treatment of DQ disease that reported outcome and complications were included. We extracted exact values of visual analog scale scores and percentages of patients who experienced pain at follow-up. Complications assessed were (sub) luxation, superficial radial nerve injuries, wound infections, and scar problems. Results: Twenty-one studies with a total of 939 patients were included. Five percent of these patients (95% CI 1%-18%) did not show complete remission of pain at follow-up. When pooled, the mean reduction in visual analog scale scores was 5.7 (95% CI 5.3-6.1) on a 0-10 scale. No difference in outcome between different types of surgery or incisions was seen. Based on the meta-analysis, the pooled complication rate was 11% (95% CI 5%-22%). Conclusions: Five percent of patients still have residual pain after surgical release of the first extensor compartment. Surgery type, as well as the type of incision, did not affect outcome or complication. Thus, surgical release of the extensor retinaculum for DQ disease is an effective treatment, regardless of the type of surgery.