Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35538463›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2022

Experience of discrimination during COVID-19 pandemic: the impact of public health measures and psychological distress among refugees and other migrants in Europe.

Mattia Marchi, Federica Maria Magarini, Antonio Chiarenza, Gian Maria Galeazzi, Virginia Paloma, Rocío Garrido, Elisabeth Ioannidi, Katerina Vassilikou, Margarida Gaspar de Matos, Tania Gaspar and 15 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
8.6field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

25 authors at 11 institutions in 11 countries.

Mattia MarchiDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi, 287 -, 41125, Modena, Italy.
Federica Maria MagariniDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi, 287 -, 41125, Modena, Italy.
Antonio ChiarenzaDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi, 287 -, 41125, Modena, Italy.
Gian Maria GaleazziDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi, 287 -, 41125, Modena, Italy. GianMaria.Galeazzi@ausl.re.it.
Virginia PalomaDepartment of Social Psychology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41018, Seville, Spain.
Rocío GarridoDepartment of Social Psychology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41018, Seville, Spain.
Elisabeth IoannidiResearch Center for Greek Society, Academy of Athens, 15126, Athens, Greece.
Katerina VassilikouResearch Center for Greek Society, Academy of Athens, 15126, Athens, Greece.
Margarida Gaspar de MatosInstitute of Environmental Health/ISAMB, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
Tania GasparInstitute of Environmental Health/ISAMB, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
Fabio Botelho GuedesInstitute of Environmental Health/ISAMB, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
Nina Langer PrimdahlDepartment of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1014, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Morten SkovdalDepartment of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1014, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Rebecca MurphyDepartment of Psychology, Maynooth University, W23 F2K8, Co. Kildare, Maynooth, Ireland.
Natalie DurbeejDepartment of Child Health and Parenting, Uppsala University, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden.
Fatumo OsmanDepartment of Child Health and Parenting, Uppsala University, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden.
Charles WattersDepartment of School of Education and Social Work, University of Sussex, Sussex, UK.
Maria van den MuijsenberghDepartment of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Gesine SturmLCPI Laboratory, EA-4591, Department Clinique du Sujet, University of Toulouse 2, 31058, Toulouse, France.
Rachid OulahalLa Reunion University FR, DIRE research center, French Collaborative Institute on Migration, CS, 92003, 15 Av. René Cassin, Saint-Denis, Cedex 9 97400, Réunion.
Beatriz PadillaDepartment of Sociology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
Sara WillemsDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, Quality and Safety Ghent, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
Eva Spiritus-BeerdenDepartment of Social Work and Social Pedagogy, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
An VerelstDepartment of Social Work and Social Pedagogy, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
Ilse DerluynDepartment of Social Work and Social Pedagogy, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
Ghent University · BEUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia · ITUniversity of Lisbon · PTAcademy of Athens · GRUniversidad de Sevilla · ESUniversity of Copenhagen · DKUppsala University · SENational University of Ireland, Maynooth · IERadboud University Nijmegen · NLUniversity of South Florida · USUniversity of Sussex · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a disproportionately hard impact on refugees and other migrants who are often exposed to the virus with limited means to protect themselves. We tested the hypothesis that during the COVID-19 pandemic, refugees and other migrants have suffered a negative impact on mental health and have been unjustly discriminated for spreading the disease in Europe (data collection from April to November 2020).

methodsParticipants in the ApartTogether Survey (N = 8297, after listwise deletion of missing items final N = 3940) provided data regarding to their difficulties to adhere to preventive recommendations against COVID-19 infection (CARE), self-perceived stigmatization (SS), and psychological distress (PD). Structural Equation Modeling was used to investigate PD as a mediator in the pathway linking CARE to SS, while adjusting for the housing and residence status. To improve confidence in the findings, single hold-out sample cross-validation was performed using a train/test split ratio of 0.8/0.2.

resultsIn the exploratory set (N = 3159) SS was associated with both CARE (B = 0.200, p < 0.001) and PD (B = 0.455, p < 0.001). Moreover, PD was also associated with CARE (B = 0.094, p = 0.001) and mediated the effect of CARE on SS (proportion mediated = 17.7%, p = 0.001). The results were successfully replicated in the confirmation set (N = 781; total effect = 0.417, p < 0.001; proportion mediated = 29.7%, p < 0.001). Follow-up analyses also found evidence for an opposite effect (i.e., from SS to CARE, B = 0.132; p < 0.001), suggesting that there might be a vicious circle between the self-perceived stigmatization and the access to health care and the use of preventive measures against COVID-19 infection.

conclusionsRefugees and other migrants who had more difficulties in accessing health care and preventive measures against COVID-19 infection experienced worse mental health and increased discrimination. These negative effects appeared to be stronger for those with more insecure housing and residence status, highlighting from one side the specific risk of insecure housing in the impact of COVID-19 upon mental health and infection protection, and for another side the need to proper housing as a strategy to prevent both COVID-19 and mental distress.

Indexed as

COVID-19Psychological DistressRefugeesTransients and MigrantsEuropeHumansPandemicsPublic HealthSARS-CoV-2COVID-19Mental healthMigrantsPublic healthSocial stigma

Identifiers

PMID35538463
PMCPMC9090600
OpenAlexW4280569910

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.