Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35537674›Full record

ArticleAcademic pediatrics

Water Security Experiences and Water Intake Among Elementary Students at Low-Income Schools: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Jeffery Ezennia, Laura A Schmidt, Lorrene D Ritchie, Lauren Blacker, Charles E McCulloch, Anisha I Patel

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Academic pediatrics. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03181971 (The Impact of the School Water Access on Child Food and Beverage Intake and Obesity), which is not on this map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
0.7field-weighted citation impact, top 35% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03181971 nacompletednot on this map

The Impact of the School Water Access on Child Food and Beverage Intake and Obesity

TypeinterventionalSponsorStanford UniversityRan2016 to 2022Enrolled1,861ConditionsObesityArmsWater First
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Jeffery EzenniaSchool of Medicine, University of California Riverside (J Ezennia); Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine (J Ezennia, L Blacker, and AI Patel), Palo Alto, Calif.
Laura A SchmidtPhilip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California San Francisco (LA Schmidt and AI Patel); Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of California San Francisco (LA Schmidt).
Lorrene D RitchieDivision of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Nutrition Policy Institute, University of California (L Ritchie), Oakland, Calif.
Lauren BlackerDepartment of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine (J Ezennia, L Blacker, and AI Patel), Palo Alto, Calif.
Charles E McCullochDivision of Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco (CE McCulloch).
Anisha I PatelDepartment of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine (J Ezennia, L Blacker, and AI Patel), Palo Alto, Calif; Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California San Francisco (LA Schmidt and AI Patel). Electronic address: anipatel@stanford.edu.
Lee University · USStanford University · USUniversity of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources · USUniversity of California, Riverside · USUniversity of California, San Francisco · US

Funding

The Impact of School Water Access on Child Food and Beverage Intake and ObesityR01HL129288 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI PATEL, ANISHA INDRAVADAN · 2016 to 2020
$3.0M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL129288
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo examine students' experiences of water security at school and how experiences relate to intake of water from different sources of water at school. DESIGN/

methodsIn this cross-sectional study, 651 students in grades 3 to 5 in 12 low-income public elementary schools in the San Francisco area completed surveys about their daily intake of water from different sources of water at school, experiences of water security including safety, cleanliness, and taste of water at school, and their demographics. Multivariable linear regressions examined associations between students' water security experiences at school and reported intake from different sources of water at school.

resultsApproximately half of students were Latino (56.1%) and had overweight/obesity (50.4%). Most (74.5%) had some negative water security experience at school. Students drank from the school fountain or water bottle filling station a mean of 1.2 times/day (standard deviation [SD] = 1.4), sinks 0.2 times/day (SD = 0.7), tap water dispensers 0.2 times/day (SD = 0.6), and bottled water 0.5 times/day (SD = 1.0). In multivariable linear regression, students with more negative experiences of school water security drank less frequently from fountains (-0.5 times/day, P value < .001), but more frequently from tap water dispensers (0.1 times/day, P value = .040) and sinks (0.1 times/day, P value = .043), compared to students with no negative perceptions.

conclusionsOn average, students had negative school water security experiences, which decreased their consumption of water from tap water sources. However, relationships between negative water security experiences and reported water intake appeared to be mitigated by water source. Schools should consider installing more appealing water sources to promote water intake.

Indexed as

DrinkingStudentsChildCross-Sectional StudiesHumansSchoolsWater Supplychilddrinkingdrinking waterschoolswater quality

Identifiers

PMID35537674
PMCPMC9676021
OpenAlexW4229332840

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.