ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2022
Full adoption of the most effective strategies to mitigate methane emissions by ruminants can help meet the 1.5 °C target by 2030 but not 2050.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 326 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrated bundled measures could halve reactive nitrogen losses and reach net-zero greenhouse gas emissions in global livestock systems.Nature food · 2026Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol on methane production, yield, and intensity in dairy cattle.Journal of dairy science · 2023Pooled it
- Meta-Analysis of the Mitigation Effects of Supplementation With Calcium Salts of Unsaturated Fatty Acids on Enteric Methane Emissions in Beef Cattle and Its Impact on Meat Quality.Animal science journal = Nihon chikusan GakkaihoPooled it
- Rumen fermentation, nitrogen utilization, blood metabolites, predicted greenhouse gas emission, and economic viability of crude glycerin-enrichedVeterinary and animal science · 2026Article
- Beyond the Rumen: Current Evidence and Knowledge Gaps in Microbial Diversity and Function Across the Bovine Gastrointestinal Tract.Current microbiology · 2026Review
- A composite feed additive approach for methane mitigation and improved rumen fermentation: toward sustainable livestock production.Tropical animal health and production · 2026Article
- In vitro evaluation of forages and feedstuffs from Kenya's semi-intensive zero-grazing dairy system.JDS communications · 2026Article
- Feed Efficiency Classification in Confined Texel Ewe Lambs: Relationships with Ruminal Fermentation, Nitrogen Metabolism, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Microbial DNA methylation links rumen transcriptional activity to methane emission divergence in dairy cows.iMeta · 2026Article
- Article
- Rumen-derived Pichia membranifaciens modulates the rumen microbiome and metabolome and mitigates methane emissions in dairy cows.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
- Enteric Methane Emissions from Holstein Cows Grazing Kikuyu Grass in the Colombian High Tropics During Two Seasons.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Global research landscape and transfer-oriented synthesis of diet-based enteric methane mitigation in ruminants (2005-2025): A bibliometric and implementation-focused review.Veterinary world · 2026Article
- Effects of coenzyme M and methyl-coenzyme M on the efficacy of inhibitors of methanogenesis in rumen cultures.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Early life treatment with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus strains drives reduced enteric methane emissions in dairy heifers.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Advancing climate-resilient livestock systems: Next-generation emission mitigation strategies and integrated technological innovations.Veterinary and animal science · 2026Review
- Phytochemicals in Ruminant Diets: Mechanistic Insights, Product Quality Enhancement, and Pathways to Sustainable Milk and Meat Production-Invited Review.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- In Vitro Assessment of Essential Oils for Their Methane Mitigation Potential and Impact on Rumen Fermentation in Cattle.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Tailoring Australian carbon farming can realise greater co-benefits.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Biowaste-grown live microbial feed additive sustainably and significantly cut enteric methane emissions in Indian livestock.Scientific reports · 2026Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
24 authors at 15 institutions in 11 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To meet the 1.5 °C target, methane (CH4) from ruminants must be reduced by 11 to 30% by 2030 and 24 to 47% by 2050 compared to 2010 levels. A meta-analysis identified strategies to decrease product-based (PB; CH4 per unit meat or milk) and absolute (ABS) enteric CH4 emissions while maintaining or increasing animal productivity (AP; weight gain or milk yield). Next, the potential of different adoption rates of one PB or one ABS strategy to contribute to the 1.5 °C target was estimated. The database included findings from 430 peer-reviewed studies, which reported 98 mitigation strategies that can be classified into three categories: animal and feed management, diet formulation, and rumen manipulation. A random-effects meta-analysis weighted by inverse variance was carried out. Three PB strategies—namely, increasing feeding level, decreasing grass maturity, and decreasing dietary forage-to-concentrate ratio—decreased CH4 per unit meat or milk by on average 12% and increased AP by a median of 17%. Five ABS strategies—namely CH4 inhibitors, tanniferous forages, electron sinks, oils and fats, and oilseeds—decreased daily methane by on average 21%. Globally, only 100% adoption of the most effective PB and ABS strategies can meet the 1.5 °C target by 2030 but not 2050, because mitigation effects are offset by projected increases in CH4 due to increasing milk and meat demand. Notably, by 2030 and 2050, low- and middle-income countries may not meet their contribution to the 1.5 °C target for this same reason, whereas high-income countries could meet their contributions due to only a minor projected increase in enteric CH4 emissions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.