ArticleSports medicine - open2022
Effect of High-intensity Training and Probiotics on Gut Microbiota Diversity in Competitive Swimmers: Randomized Controlled Trial.
Article in Sports medicine - open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- The performance gut: a key to optimizing performance in high-level athletes: a systematic scoping review.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Pooled it
- Physical activity, sedentary behavior and microbiome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of science and medicine in sport · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of Exercise on Gut Microbiota of Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- Rapid shift of gut microbiome and enrichment of beneficial microbes during arhatic yoga meditation retreat in a single-arm pilot study.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2025Trial
- Gut Microbiota and Dietary Intake Across Training Phases in Competitive Long-Distance Runners: An Exploratory Longitudinal Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Regulatory mechanisms of high-polyphenol dietary intervention on exercise-induced immunosuppression during high-intensity training periods in adolescent athletes: a systems biology analysis based on immune-metabolic pathways.Nutrition & metabolism · 2026Article
- Optimising exercise intensity for gut health: Effect on microbiota composition, barrier integrity and inflammation in male Wistar rats.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Impact of sport disciplines on gut microbiota in elite athletes: evidence from Taekwondo and diving athletes.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Gut Microbiota in Exercise-Regulated Development, Progression, and Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of the Role and Mechanisms.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025Review
- Mechanism of Action and Beneficial Effects of Probiotics in Amateur and Professional Athletes.Food science & nutrition · 2025Review
- Exercise as a modulator of gut microbiota for improvement of sleep quality: a narrative review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
- Gut microbiota and metabolic responses to a 12-week caloric restriction combined with strength and HIIT training in patients with obesity: a randomized trial.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Physical Exercise and the Gut Microbiome: A Bidirectional Relationship Influencing Health and Performance.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Is Veillonella a unique marker of physical exercise? Commentary on: "Is physical performance (in mice) increased by Veillonella atypica or decreased by Lactobacillus bulgaricus?"Journal of sport and health science · 2024Article
- A Bibliometric Analysis on the Research Trend of Exercise and the Gut Microbiome.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Swimming and the human microbiome at the intersection of sports, clinical, and environmental sciences: A scoping review of the literature.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPhysical exercise has favorable effects on the structure of gut microbiota and metabolite production in sedentary subjects. However, little is known whether adjustments in an athletic program impact overall changes of gut microbiome in high-level athletes. We therefore characterized fecal microbiota and serum metabolites in response to a 7-week, high-intensity training program and consumption of probiotic Bryndza cheese.
methodsFecal and blood samples and training logs were collected from young competitive male (n = 17) and female (n = 7) swimmers. Fecal microbiota were categorized using specific primers targeting the V1-V3 region of 16S rDNA, and serum metabolites were characterized by NMR-spectroscopic analysis and by multivariate statistical analysis, Spearman rank correlations, and Random Forest models.
resultsWe found higher α-diversity, represented by the Shannon index value (HITB-pre 5.9 [± 0.4]; HITB-post 6.4 [± 0.4], p = 0.007), (HIT-pre 5.5 [± 0.6]; HIT-post 5.9 [± 0.6], p = 0.015), after the end of the training program in both groups independently of Bryndza cheese consumption. However, Lactococcus spp. increased in both groups, with a higher effect in the Bryndza cheese consumers (HITB-pre 0.0021 [± 0.0055]; HITB-post 0.0268 [± 0.0542], p = 0.008), (HIT-pre 0.0014 [± 0.0036]; HIT-post 0.0068 [± 0.0095], p = 0.046). Concomitant with the increase of high-intensity exercise and the resulting increase of anaerobic metabolism proportion, pyruvate (p[HITB] = 0.003; p[HIT] = 0.000) and lactate (p[HITB] = 0.000; p[HIT] = 0.030) increased, whereas acetate (p[HITB] = 0.000; p[HIT] = 0.002) and butyrate (p[HITB] = 0.091; p[HIT] = 0.019) significantly decreased.
conclusionsTogether, these data demonstrate a significant effect of high-intensity training (HIT) on both gut microbiota composition and serum energy metabolites. Thus, the combination of intensive athletic training with the use of natural probiotics is beneficial because of the increase in the relative abundance of lactic acid bacteria.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.