ArticleJournal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine2022
Officer-Involved Shootings and Concealed Carry Weapons Permitting Laws: Analysis of Gun Violence Archive Data, 2014-2020.
Article in Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- State Point-of-Sale Comprehensive Background Check Policies and County Firearm Homicide Rates.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Racial and ethnic disparities in fatal police shootings: Variation across U.S. states and the role of firearm ownership.PloS one · 2026Article
- Examining the Impact of Permitless Firearm Legislation and COVID-19 on Crime and Arrests in Three Urban Cities.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2025Article
- Public Firearms Carriage and Public Opinion, National Gun Policy Survey, 2023.American journal of public health · 2025Article
- Age and gender distribution of firearm violence in high-income countries: an analysis of data from 1990 to 2019.Journal of injury & violence research · 2025Article
- Association of Firearm Purchaser Licensing Laws with Intimate Partner Homicide.Violence and gender · 2025Article
- How firearm legislation impacts firearm mortality internationally: A scoping review.Health policy OPEN · 2024Article
- Firearm Purchaser Licensing Laws and Firearm Deaths among Adolescents and Emerging Adults.Youth & society · 2024Article
- Firearm injury hospitalizations and handgun purchaser licensing laws: longitudinal evaluation of state-level purchaser licensure requirements on firearm violence, 2000-2016.Injury epidemiology · 2024Article
- Domestic firearm violence against women (2018-2021).Surgery open science · 2024Article
- Racial and ethnic differences in the effects of state firearm laws: a systematic review subgroup analysis.Injury epidemiology · 2023Review
- Impact of a Permitless Concealed Firearm Carry Law in West Virginia, 1999-2015 and 2016-2020.American journal of public health · 2023Article
- Firearm availability and police shootings of citizens: a city level analysis of fatal and injurious shootings in California and Florida.Injury epidemiology · 2023Article
- The association between permit-to-purchase laws and shootings by police.Injury epidemiology · 2023Article
- Differences in Perceptions of Gun-Related Safety by Race and Gun Ownership in the United States.The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
About 1,000 civilians are killed every year by a law enforcement officer in the USA, more than 90% by firearms. Most civilians who are shot are armed with a firearms. Higher rates of officer-involved shootings (OIS) are positively associated with state-level firearm ownership. Laws relaxing restrictions on civilians carrying concealed firearms (CCW) have been associated with increased violent crime. This study examines associations between CCW laws and OIS. We accessed counts of fatal and nonfatal OIS from the Gun Violence Archive (GVA) from 2014-2020 and calculated rates using population estimates. We conducted legal research to identify passage years of CCW laws. We used an augmented synthetic control models with fixed effects to estimate the effect of Permitless CCW law adoption on OIS over fourteen biannual semesters. We calculated an inverse variance weighted average of the overall effect. On average, Permitless CCW adopting states saw a 12.9% increase in the OIS victimization rate or an additional 4 OIS victimizations per year, compared to what would have happened had law adoption not occurred. Lax laws regulating civilian carrying of concealed firearms were associated with higher incidence of OIS. The increase in concealed gun carrying frequency associated with these laws may influence the perceived threat of danger faced by law enforcement. This could contribute to higher rates of OIS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.