ArticleNucleic acids research2022
Novel eGZ-motif formed by regularly extruded guanine bases in a left-handed Z-DNA helix as a major motif behind CGG trinucleotide repeats.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Functional and Structural Analyses of Diverse G-Quadruplex and Non-G-Quadruplex Structures Formed by Guanine-Rich Nucleic Acids: A Study on the Insulin Aptamer.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- Comparative Study of the Bending Free Energies of C- and G-Based DNA: A-, B-, and Z-DNA and Associated Mismatched Trinucleotide Repeats.Journal of chemical information and modeling · 2025Article
- Triplexes Color the Chromaverse by Modulating Nucleosome Phasing and Anchoring Chromatin Condensates.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Structural and Dynamical Properties of Nucleic Acid Hairpins Implicated in Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion Diseases.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- van der Waals Parameter Scanning with Amber Nucleic Acid Force Fields: Revisiting Means to Better Capture the RNA/DNA Structure through MD.Journal of chemical theory and computation · 2024Article
- Structure and Dynamics of DNA and RNA Double Helices Formed by d(CTG), d(GTC), r(CUG), and r(GUC) Trinucleotide Repeats and Associated DNA-RNA Hybrids.The journal of physical chemistry. B · 2023Article
- Frustration Between Preferred States of Complementary Trinucleotide Repeat DNA Hairpins Anticorrelates with Expansion Disease Propensity.Journal of molecular biology · 2023Article
- Dynamic alternative DNA structures in biology and disease.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2023Review
- The remodeling of Z-DNA in the mammalian germ line.Biochemical Society transactions · 2022Article
- RNA as a Major-Groove Ligand: RNA-RNA and RNA-DNA Triplexes Formed by GAA and UUC or TTC Sequences.ACS omega · 2022Article
- Lone Pair…π Contacts and Structure Signatures of r(UNCG) Tetraloops, Z-Turns, and Z-Steps: A WebFR3D Survey.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The expansion of d(CGG) trinucleotide repeats (TRs) lies behind several important neurodegenerative diseases. Atypical DNA secondary structures have been shown to trigger TR expansion: their characterization is important for a molecular understanding of TR disease. CD spectroscopy experiments in the last decade have unequivocally demonstrated that CGG runs adopt a left-handed Z-DNA conformation, whose features remain uncertain because it entails accommodating GG mismatches. In order to find this missing motif, we have carried out molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to explore all the possible Z-DNA helices that potentially form after the transition from B- to Z-DNA. Such helices combine either CpG or GpC Watson-Crick steps in Z-DNA form with GG-mismatch conformations set as either intrahelical or extrahelical; and participating in BZ or ZZ junctions or in alternately extruded conformations. Characterization of the stability and structural features (especially overall left-handedness, higher-temperature and steered MD simulations) identified two novel Z-DNA helices: the most stable one displays alternately extruded Gs, and is followed by a helix with symmetrically extruded ZZ junctions. The G-extrusion favors a seamless stacking of the Watson-Crick base pairs; extruded Gs favor syn conformations and display hydrogen-bonding and stacking interactions. Such conformations could have the potential to hijack the MMR complex, thus triggering further expansion.
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