ArticleBMC public health2022
Changes in causes of pregnancy-related and maternal mortality in Zimbabwe 2007-08 to 2018-19: findings from two reproductive age mortality surveys.
Article in BMC public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of maternal mortality causes based on ICD-MM: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Pooled it
- Where Women Give Birth Is Changing in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence From 30 Countries Using DHS Data.Journal of pregnancy · 2026Article
- Maternal mortality ratio and deaths beyond 42 days up to 5-years post pregnancy in women living with HIV on life-long antiretroviral therapy in a resource limited setting.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Observational
- Exploring Access to Care in Zimbabwe Using the 3-Delay Model.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2025Article
- Influence of Maternal Waiting Homes in Pregnancy-Related Complications: A Case-Control Study in Sipepa Ward 5, Tsholotsho District Zimbabwe.Health services insights · 2025Article
- Maternal mortality decline in Zimbabwe, 2007/2008 to 2018/2019: findings from mortality surveys using civil registration, vital statistics and health system data.BMJ global health · 2022Article
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9 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundReducing maternal mortality is a priority of Sustainable Development Goal 3.1 which requires frequent epidemiological analysis of trends and patterns of the causes of maternal deaths. We conducted two reproductive age mortality surveys to analyse the epidemiology of maternal mortality in Zimbabwe and analysed the changes in the causes of deaths between 2007-08 and 2018-19.
methodsWe performed a before and after analysis of the causes of death among women of reproductive ages (WRAs) (12-49 years), and pregnant women from the two surveys implemented in 11 districts, selected using multi-stage cluster sampling from each province of Zimbabwe (n=10); an additional district selected from Harare. We calculated mortality incidence rates and incidence rate ratios per 10000 WRAs and pregnant women (with 95% confidence intervals), in international classification of disease groups, using negative binomial models, and compared them between the two surveys. We also calculated maternal mortality ratios, per 100 000 live births, for selected causes of pregnancy-related deaths.
resultsWe identified 6188 deaths among WRAs and 325 PRDs in 2007-08, and 1856 and 137 respectively in 2018-19. Mortality in the WRAs decreased by 82% in diseases of the respiratory system and 81% in certain infectious or parasitic diseases' groups, which include HIV/AIDS and malaria. Pregnancy-related deaths decreased by 84% in the indirect causes group and by 61% in the direct causes group, and HIV/AIDS-related deaths decreased by 91% in pregnant women. Direct causes of death still had a three-fold MMR than indirect causes (151 vs. 51 deaths per 100 000) in 2018-19.
conclusionZimbabwe experienced a decline in both direct and indirect causes of pregnancy-related deaths. Deaths from indirect causes declined mainly due to a reduction in HIV/AIDS-related and malaria mortality, while deaths from direct causes declined because of a reduction in obstetric haemorrhage and pregnancy-related infections. Ongoing interventions ought to improve the coverage and quality of maternal care in Zimbabwe, to further reduce deaths from direct causes.
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