ArticleNature medicine2022
Heterogeneity in phenotype, disease progression and drug response in type 2 diabetes.
Article in Nature medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 94 papers.
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Who cites it
94 citing papers in PubMed, 144 citations in OpenAlex.
- A validated, modifiable proteomic score from the EXSCEL trial predicts cardiovascular events in diabetes.JCI insight · 2026Trial
- Prediabetes Subgroups, Type 2 Diabetes Risk, and Differential Effects of Preventive Interventions.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025 · on this mapTrial
- Effect of semaglutide versus placebo on cardiorenal outcomes by prior cardiovascular disease and baseline body mass index: Pooled post hoc analysis of SUSTAIN 6 and PIONEER 6.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Trial
- Real-Time AI-Assisted Insulin Titration System for Glucose Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cancer Risk: A Matched Cohort Study in China Kadoorie Biobank.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Exploratory Analysis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Metabolic Phenotypes and Their Association With Vitamin D Status in Primary Care Patients.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Metabolic Insights Into Dynamic Glucose Trajectories: Importance of Perturbation.Circulation research · 2026Article
- Phenotypic Heterogeneity of Obesity and Short-Term Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Transitions: A Population-Based Cohort Study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Distinct multi-omics signatures of clinical subgroups of type 2 diabetes define heterogeneous responses to an insulin sensitizer.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Heterogeneity of Treatment Effects Across Nine Glucose-Lowering Drug Classes in Type 2 Diabetes: Extension of the LEGEND-T2DM Network Study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Observational
- Myoprotective Fat-Loss Phenotypes in Obesity-Associated Type 2 Diabetes: A 12-Month Real-World Cohort Study of Metformin-Based Treatment Regimens.Clinics and practice · 2026Article
- Genetic and molecular signatures highlight diverse pathways linking obesity to type 2 diabetes.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Plasma metabolite association profiles for type 2 diabetes genetic clusters in Finnish men.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Subphenotyping of prediabetes with a phenotypic tree model and its correlations with outcomes: Insights from two Chinese cohorts.Journal of translational internal medicine · 2026Article
- Converging TCF7L2 and CDKAL1 pathways in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Acta diabetologica · 2026Review
- Article
- A generalist precision medication framework using temporal causal inference based on treatment-free physiological profiles.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Exploring Treatment Paradigms in Type 2 Diabetes: A Comparison of Independent and Combined Therapeutic Approaches.Cureus · 2026Review
- KDM6A promotes diabetic retinopathy via H3K27me3-dependent ferroptosis in Müller cells.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Diabetogenic processes for insulin resistance-linked hyperinsulinaemia are associated with colorectal cancer.Diabetologia · 2026Article
34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex chronic disease characterized by considerable phenotypic heterogeneity. In this study, we applied a reverse graph embedding method to routinely collected data from 23,137 Scottish patients with newly diagnosed diabetes to visualize this heterogeneity and used partitioned diabetes polygenic risk scores to gain insight into the underlying biological processes. Overlaying risk of progression to outcomes of insulin requirement, chronic kidney disease, referable diabetic retinopathy and major adverse cardiovascular events, we show how these risks differ by patient phenotype. For example, patients at risk of retinopathy are phenotypically different from those at risk of cardiovascular events. We replicated our findings in the UK Biobank and the ADOPT clinical trial, also showing that the pattern of diabetes drug monotherapy response differs for different drugs. Overall, our analysis highlights how, in a European population, underlying phenotypic variation drives T2D onset and affects subsequent diabetes outcomes and drug response, demonstrating the need to incorporate these factors into personalized treatment approaches for the management of T2D.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.