SynthesisScientific reports2022
A systematic review and meta-analysis of fusion rate enhancements and bone graft options for spine surgery.
Synthesis in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Three-Dimensional Measurement and Analysis of Rod Deformation for Spinal Deformity Correction: A Novel Methodology.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Comparative analysis of autograftJournal of spine surgery (Hong Kong) · 2026Article
- Bone Induction as a Function of Size and Chemical Composition of Calcium Phosphate Granules in Osteogrow-C Evaluated in Animal Models: A 1-Year Follow-Up.Biomaterials research · 2026Article
- Long-term Performance and Durability of Biomaterials and Implant Designs in Total Joint Arthroplasty and Spinal Fusion.Journal of orthopaedics and sports medicine · 2026Article
- Clinical evaluation of a growth factor bioavailability enhanced allograft in anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF).Journal of spine surgery (Hong Kong) · 2025Article
- A nationwide registry study of surgical and patient-reported outcomes following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: Part 2 - cage with versus without local bone graft.Acta neurochirurgica · 2025Observational
- Rat Spine Fusion Models for Preclinical Research: Opportunities and Challenges.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025Review
- Combined posterior-anterior surgery with autologous bone grafting for multi-segmental spinal tuberculosis.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- The Application of Biologic and Synthetic Bone Grafts in Scoliosis Surgery: A Scoping Review of Emerging Technologies.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Preclinical evaluation of lateral interbody fusions using 3D printed PEEK or 3D printed titanium cages.North American Spine Society journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Rate of fusion using novel synthetic bone graft mixed with cellular allograft product in lumbar fusions.Journal of spine surgery (Hong Kong) · 2025Article
- Lumbar fusion using a carbon-fiber PEEK pedicle screw system combined with a carbon-fiber PEEK TLIF cage: a prospective, multicenter study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Observational
- Design and study of additively manufactured Three periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structured porous titanium interbody cage.Heliyon · 2024Article
- High Lumbar Spinal Fusion Rates Using Cellular Bone Allograft Irrespective of Surgical Approach.International journal of spine surgery · 2024Article
- Impact of surgical risk factors for non-union on lumbar spinal fusion outcomes using cellular bone allograft at 24-months follow-up.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Article
- Article
- The Role of Bone Mineral Density in a Successful Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Narrative Review.Cureus · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Our study aimed to evaluate differences in outcomes of patients submitted to spinal fusion using different grafts measuring the effectiveness of spinal fusion rates, pseudarthrosis rates, and adverse events. Applying the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement, this systematic review and meta-analysis identified 64 eligible articles. The main inclusion criteria were adult patients that were submitted to spinal fusion, autologous iliac crest (AIC), allograft (ALG), alloplastic (ALP; hydroxyapatite, rhBMP-2, rhBMP-7, or the association between them), and local bone (LB), whether in addition to metallic implants or not, was applied. We made a comparison among those groups to evaluate the presence of differences in outcomes, such as fusion rate, hospital stay, follow-up extension (6, 12, 24, and 48 months), pseudarthrosis rate, and adverse events. Sixty-four studies were identified. LB presented significantly higher proportions of fusion rates (95.3% CI 89.7-98.7) compared to the AIC (88.6% CI 84.8-91.9), ALG (87.8% CI 80.8-93.4), and ALP (85.8% CI 75.7-93.5) study groups. Pseudarthrosis presented at a significantly lower pooled proportion of ALG studies (4.8% CI 0.1-15.7) compared to AIC (8.6% CI 4.2-14.2), ALP (7.1% CI 0.9-18.2), and LB (10.3% CI 1.8-24.5). ALP and AIC studies described significantly more cases of adverse events (80 events/404 patients and 860 events/2001 patients, respectively) compared to LB (20 events/311 patients) and ALG (73 events/459 patients). Most studies presented high risk-of-bias scores. Based on fusion rates and adverse events proportions, LB showed a superior trend among the graft cases we analyzed. However, our review revealed highly heterogeneous data and a need for more rigorous studies to better address and assist surgeons' choices of the best spinal grafts.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.