ArticleBMJ open2022
Associations between moral injury and ICD-11 post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD among help-seeking nurses: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04817995 (Stress Recovery Program FOREST for Healthcare Staff), which is not on this map. Cited by 11 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Stress Recovery Program FOREST for Healthcare Staff: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in healthcare workers before and during COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Severity and associated factors of moral injury in healthcare workers during the coronavirus pandemic: a comprehensive meta-analysis.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Pooled it
- Moral injury and mental health among health-care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: meta-analysis.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2023Pooled it
- Role of Tailored Timing and Frequency Prompts on the Efficacy of an Internet-Delivered Stress Recovery Intervention for Health Care Workers: Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mental health · 2025Trial
- Evaluating an Abbreviated Internet-Delivered Stress Recovery Intervention for Health Care Workers: Pre-Post Feasibility Study of Outcomes, Usability, and Acceptability.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Association of potential morally injurious events, moral injury and somatic symptoms of health in UK military veterans: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Moral Injury in Mental Health Nursing-A Qualitative Descriptive Study in Switzerland.International journal of mental health nursing · 2025Article
- Exploring OCD severity in treatment-seeking veterans: a cross-sectional comparison between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex-PTSD (C-PTSD).BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Post-traumatic stress disorder: evolving conceptualization and evidence, and future research directions.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2025Article
- Validation of the Recovery Experience Questionnaire in a Lithuanian Healthcare Personnel.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- 'Against everything that got you into the job': experiences of potentially morally injurious events among Canadian public safety personnel.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThis study aimed to evaluate how moral injury (MI), traumatic experiences and daily stressors were related to the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and International Classification of Diseases 11th revision specific complex PTSD (CPTSD) symptoms of disturbances in self-organisation (DSO) in a treatment-seeking sample of nurses.
designA cross-sectional study.
settingNurses from all regions of Lithuania participated in the study. The data were collected between April and May 2021.
participantsA total of 206 nurses, mean age 42.34 years (SD=11.68), 97.1% women and with 65% >10 years of work experience.
resultsThe prevalence of PTSD and CPTSD in the treatment-seeking sample of nurses was 9.2% and 10.2%, respectively. The results of structural equation modelling indicated an acceptable model fit for the model regarding the links between trauma exposure, daily stressors, MI, PTSD and DSO symptoms, (χ2 (df)=219.718 (123), p<0.001, Comparative Fit Index/Tucker-Lewis Index=0.937/0.922, root mean square error of approximation (90% CI)=0.062 (0.048 to 0.075), standardised root mean square residual=0.049). MI had a large effect on DSO symptoms, β=0.667, p<0.001, and a medium effect on PTSD symptoms, β=0.394, p<0.001. Daily stress but not trauma exposure was significantly related to MI, β=0.618, p<0.001.
conclusionsThe prevalence of PTSD and CPTSD in a treatment-seeking sample of nurses inform healthcare administrators, policymakers and medical staff about the demand for psychosocial interventions for healthcare workers focused on stress management to address their daily stressors and mitigate effects on MI or trauma-focused treatments for PTSD/CPTSD. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04817995; Pre-results.
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