ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2022
Opportunistic Infection Associated With Elevated GM-CSF Autoantibodies: A Case Series and Review of the Literature.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- The burden of autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: a systematic review.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Pooled it
- Bilateral otomastoiditis caused byMedical mycology case reports · 2026Article
- Pulmonary nocardiosis in patients with underlying pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: a case series and review of the literature.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Review
- Cryptococcal meningitis in a patient with VEXAS syndrome: a case report.BMC rheumatology · 2026Article
- Timing of Whole Lung Lavage in Autoimmune Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis with Concurrent Opportunistic Infection: A Case Report and Systematic Review.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- ConcurrentCase reports in infectious diseases · 2026Article
- mGem: When immunity turns against itself-GM-CSF autoantibodies drive opportunistic infection risk.mBio · 2025Review
- Cryptococcus: Emerging host risk factors for infection.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- The healthcare burden of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP).Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2025Article
- Rapidly Progressive Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis Following Cryptococcal Infection: Case Report and Literature Review.Respirology case reports · 2025Article
- Reframing the clinical phenotype and management of cryptococcal meningitis.Practical neurology · 2025Review
- Autoantibodies Neutralizing GM-CSF in HIV-Negative Colombian Patients Infected with Cryptococcus gattii and C. neoformans.Journal of clinical immunology · 2024Article
- Article
- Anticytokine Autoantibodies in Infectious Diseases: A Practical Overview.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Recombinant GM-CSF for diseases of GM-CSF insufficiency: Correcting dysfunctional mononuclear phagocyte disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is known to play a key role in enhancing multiple immune functions that affect response to infectious pathogens including antigen presentation, complement- and antibody-mediated phagocytosis, microbicidal activity, and neutrophil chemotaxis. Reduced GM-CSF activity and immune response provides a mechanism for increased infection risk associated with autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (aPAP) and other disorders involving the presence of GM-CSF autoantibodies. We present a case series of five patients with persistent or unusual pulmonary and central nervous system opportunistic infections (Cryptococcus gattii, Flavobacterium, Nocardia) and elevated GM-CSF autoantibody levels, as well as 27 cases identified on systematic review of the literature.
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Registered trials
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