Digital Eye Strain Caused by Online Education Among Children in Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction Online learning is the educational format adopted by schools and universities during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It comprises Internet-based learning, computer-based learning, virtual classrooms, and digital collaborations. This study aims to assess digital eye strain (DES) among children attending online classes in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted among children aged 3 to 18 years old in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. We sent out a self-administered questionnaire to parents of the targeted children by using social media, such as WhatsApp (Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States), Telegram (Telegram FZ LLC, Dubai), and Twitter (Twitter, Inc., San Francisco, California, United States). The questionnaire included questions on socio-demographic profile, smart devices being used, frequency of devices used per day before and during the lockdown, and DES.  Results  A total of 547 children were involved (50.3% males vs. 49.7% females). During online classes, the most commonly used device was tablets (51.2%). A significant increase was noticed in the use of devices during the COVID-19-related lockdown among children (p<0.001). The prevalence of DES-positive symptoms was 69.8%. The presence of DES symptoms was associated with age group (p=0.003), school level (p=0.040), device preferred for online classes (p=0.001), number of hours spent attending online classes (p=0.010), and number of hours spent using an electronic device during the lockdown (p<0.001). Conclusion Our study underlines a higher prevalence rate of DES among children during this time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Children who used a digital device for more than five hours during the lockdown had a greater risk of having DES than the rest.