ReviewFrontiers in psychiatry2022
Concurrent TMS-fMRI: Technical Challenges, Developments, and Overview of Previous Studies.
Review in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emerging trends and research hotspots of non-invasive brain stimulation for stroke: a bibliometric and visualization study.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Target engagement in a head-to-head clinical trial of dysphoric versus anxiosomatic transcranial magnetic stimulation targets.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Trial
- Article
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation from healthy brain aging to Alzheimer's disease: a review on mechanisms, therapeutic potential, and future clinical directions.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- Consensus guidelines for the use of concurrent TMS-fMRI in cognitive and clinical neuroscience.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Precision neuroregulation combining liquid metal and magnetic stimulation.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Identification of Cortical Targets for Modulating Function Supported by the Human Hippocampal Network.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- Field switching of microfabricated metamagnetic FeRh MRI contrast agents.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The RF Cap: A 26-channel flexible RF coil cap for optimized concurrent TMS/fMRI experiments at 3T.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Multi-coil TMS for preclinical applications in ultra-high-field MRI.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- rTMS-induced neuroimaging changes measured with structural and functional MRI in autism.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Research progress on the neural circuits mechanisms of anxiety.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2025Review
- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Applications in the Study of Executive Functions: A Review.Brain and behavior · 2024Review
- Engineering and Technological Advancements in Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS): A Five-Year Review.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Chronometric TMS-fMRI of personalized left dorsolateral prefrontal target reveals state-dependency of subgenual anterior cingulate cortex effects.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Article
- TMS-fMRI Supports Roles for VLPFC and Downstream Regions in Cognitive Reappraisal.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Review
- Interleaved TMS/fMRI shows that threat decreases dlPFC-mediated top-down regulation of emotion processing.NPP - digital psychiatry and neuroscience · 2024Article
- The Use of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Attention Optimization Research: A Review from Basic Theory to Findings in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Depression.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The Effectiveness of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Treating Apraxia.CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2024Review
- TMS disruption of the lateral prefrontal cortex increases neural activity in the default mode network when naming facial expressions.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a promising treatment modality for psychiatric and neurological disorders. Repetitive TMS (rTMS) is widely used for the treatment of psychiatric and neurological diseases, such as depression, motor stroke, and neuropathic pain. However, the underlying mechanisms of rTMS-mediated neuronal modulation are not fully understood. In this respect, concurrent or simultaneous TMS-fMRI, in which TMS is applied during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), is a viable tool to gain insights, as it enables an investigation of the immediate effects of TMS. Concurrent application of TMS during neuroimaging usually causes severe artifacts due to magnetic field inhomogeneities induced by TMS. However, by carefully interleaving the TMS pulses with MR signal acquisition in the way that these are far enough apart, we can avoid any image distortions. While the very first feasibility studies date back to the 1990s, recent developments in coil hardware and acquisition techniques have boosted the number of TMS-fMRI applications. As such, a concurrent application requires expertise in both TMS and MRI mechanisms and sequencing, and the hurdle of initial technical set up and maintenance remains high. This review gives a comprehensive overview of concurrent TMS-fMRI techniques by collecting (1) basic information, (2) technical challenges and developments, (3) an overview of findings reported so far using concurrent TMS-fMRI, and (4) current limitations and our suggestions for improvement. By sharing this review, we hope to attract the interest of researchers from various backgrounds and create an educational knowledge base.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.