ArticleJournal of the Endocrine Society2022
Determinants of Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes in the Absence of Obesity: The Jackson Heart Study.
Article in Journal of the Endocrine Society, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- A combined model integrating adiponectin and anthropometric indices for the identification of insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with metabolically unhealthy normal weight among adult Ghanaian migrants in Europe and non-migrants in Ghana: cross-sectional analysis of the multicentre RODAM study.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- The Association of Adiposity and RAAS With Incident Diabetes in African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- Current Knowledge on the Pathophysiology of Lean/Normal-Weight Type 2 Diabetes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Context: Multiple studies suggest that adults who were normal weight at diabetes diagnosis are at higher risk for all-cause mortality than those who had overweight or obesity at diagnosis. Objective: While obesity is a known risk factor for cardiometabolic disease, differences in body fat distribution in those without obesity are understudied, especially in African Americans. Methods: In 1005 participants of the Jackson Heart Study, without cardiovascular disease at baseline, we used logistic regression to investigate the longitudinal association of body fat distribution by CT scan with metabolic syndrome (MetS) or type 2 diabetes (T2D). We used the harmonized International Diabetes Federation criteria to define MetS. We included only normal weight or overweight participants (BMI: 18.5 to < 30.0 kg/m Results: Higher visceral fat, subcutaneous fat, BMI, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were significantly associated with MetS and T2D after adjustment. Visceral fat was strongly associated with both outcomes (MetS OR = 2.07 [1.66-2.68]; T2D OR = 1.51 [1.21-1.88]), and the association for MetS persisted in the normal weight only group. Estimates were robust to sensitivity analysis and were only modestly mediated by insulin resistance. Physical activity was not associated with MetS or T2D. Conclusion: Visceral fat is strongly associated with developing MetS, even in normal weight individuals, suggesting that excess visceral fat plays a role in cardiometabolic risk beyond that of overall adiposity and obesity in African Americans.
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Registered trials
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